护士长工作压力与应对方式及心理健康状况的调查分析

目的 了解并分析护士长的工作压力源、应对方式与心理健康状态，为合理选拔考核护士长，有效减轻护士长工作压力并提高其心理健康水平提供依据。方法 采用问卷调查法对2所大型综合性教学医院的92名护士长的工作压力源、压力应对方式和心理健康状态进行调查分析。结果 低学历及任职时间10年以上的护士长有较少的工作压力源；学历层次较高的护士长多采用有计划地解决问题的应对方式，而任职时间6～10年的护士长较少采用自我控制的应时方式，护龄6～10年的护士长较多采用疏远等消极的应对方式；学历层次高、护龄在10年以上的护士长具有较好的心理健康状态。结论 在选拔考核护士长时，应充分考虑其个人特点、学历背景与工作经历，并针对不同层次的护士长，采取相应的措施缓解其工作压力，提高心理健康水平，增强管理能力。

Investigation on the Job Stressors, Coping Styles and Mental Health in Head Nurses

Objective To identify the job stressors, coping styles and mental health of head nurses to provide information for selection of head nurses, alleviation of work pressure and improvement of health level. Methods Investigation on job stressors, coping styles and mental health were conducted in 92 head nurses working in 2 general hospitals affiliated to medical colleges. Results The head nurses with lower diploma and longer service years were subjected to less job stressors; those with higher diploma tended to use planning in coping with problems; those with service years as head nurses ranging from 6 to 10 years used less self-control in coping; those with service years as ordinary nurses ranging 6 to 10 years tended to use passive coping styles such as avoidance; those with higher diploma or service years as ordinary nurses had better status of mental health. Conclusion In the selection of head nurses, the individual qualities, educational background and work experience should be taken into account, and pressure-reducing measures should be tailored to the individual head nurses to improve their mental health and managing ability.