新型阳离子染料皂洗剂的合成及应用

以马来酸酐(MA)、丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酸十八酯(SA)为原料,采用偶氮二异丁氰作为引发剂,在乙醇介质中,共聚生成了较高相对分子质量和高羧基电荷密度的聚马来酸酐-丙烯酸-丙烯酸十八酯(MA-AA-SA)三元共聚物PMAS,并将其用于腈纶织物染色后的皂洗工序中.通过探讨单体配比、引发剂用量、反应时间和皂洗剂用量等因素对皂洗性能的影响,得到优化的合成工艺条件为:m(MA)∶m(AA)∶m(SA)=2∶6∶2.5,ω(引发剂)=2.5％(相对于原料的质量分数),反应温度65℃,反应时间7h;应用试验表明,PMAS用量为2 g/L时,皂洗效果最佳,织物皂洗后湿摩擦牢度达4～5级,干摩擦牢度达5级,且具有良好的防沾色性能.

Synthesis and application of a new soaping agent for cationic dyes

An addition polymerization of maleic anhydride(MA),acrylic acid(AA) and octadecyl acrylate(SA) in ethanol is initiated by azobisisobutyronitrile(AIBN) to form copolymer PMAS,which has high molecule weight and high charge density.Factors influencing on the properties of copolymer PMAS for soaping are discussed,including the ratio of raw materials,initiator concentration,reaction time and amount of the product.The optimized conditions are defined as follows: m(MA) ∶ m(AA) ∶ m(SA)=2 ∶ 6 ∶ 2.5,ω(initiator)=2.5%(relative to mass fraction of raw materials),reaction at 65 ℃ for 7 h.The molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the PMAS are analyzed by means of GPC.The acrylic dyeings after soaped with 2 g/L PMAS feature excellent fastness,such as wet rubbing fastness of 4~5 levels,dry rubbing fastness of 5 levels.It is said that the synthesized compound has good anti staining property.