深抽排水采气工艺的关键技术及新型装备

深抽排水采气工艺的泵挂深度超过2000 m,它是用加深泵挂、排出井筒积液、合理增大生产压差的方法来恢复或提高气井单井产量的，实践证明这是一种行之有效的方法，在气田的中后期生产中具有特别重要的意义。文章综述了有杆泵深抽排水采气工艺近年来在材料、装备、方法各方面的新发展，总结了深抽要达到增产目的所必须遵循的技术关键，它们是：①采用长冲程的抽油泵和抽油机，并以低冲次工作；②改进油泵柱塞与泵筒间隙的密封结构，尽量减少液体漏失量；③采取技术措施，减少管杆柱的伸缩变形和油泵冲程损失，增大泵的有效行程；④合理利用管杆柱的纵振现象，努力使抽油泵能够实现超冲程工作；⑤在增强抽油机工作能力的同时，设法减少其悬点载荷，为进一步深抽创造必要条件。

GORDIAN TECHNIQUES AND NEW EQUIPMENTS OF DEWATERING GAS PRODUCTION BY SUCKER ROD PUMPING IN DEEP WELLS

When the pump setting depth for dewatering gas production technology in deep wells is over 2000 meters, the single well production is recovered or increased by deepening the depth of plunger, discharging the liquid loading in wellbore and reasonably increasing the drawdown pressure. The practices show that this is an effective means and of particular significance in gas field production during middle and later stage. This paper overviewed the latest developments of material, equipment and processes etc. of the dewatering gas production by sucker rod pumping in deep well, and summed up the technical keys as follows in deep pumping for the production increase, i.e. ①adopting oil well pumps pumping units with long strokes which work at low cycle index; ②improving the seal structure between pump piston and pump barrel to reduce the liquid leakage; ③taking the technical measures to decrease the expansion deformation of tubing and rod strings, and stroke loss of a pump so as to increase the effective strokes; ④using reasonably longitudinal vibration to manage to make pumps to realize a motion with overtravel; ⑤trying to reduce the suspension load of a pumping unit to further create necessary conditions for deep pumping along with strengthening the performance capacity of a pumping unit.