在强制隔离戒毒所HIV/AIDS患者中开展结核病症状筛查和干预的研究

目的了解强制隔离戒毒所HIV/AIDS患者中结核病症状筛查阳性水平,提高结核病防治知识知晓率。方法采取典型调查的方法,确定四川省资阳市某强制隔离戒毒所为研究现场。使用"结核病可疑症状筛查问卷"对HIV/AIDS患者进行筛查,筛查阳性者通过痰涂片和X线检查确诊;同时使用《结核病/艾滋病防治宣传折页》对HIV/AIDS患者进行宣传教育的干预,并在干预前后进行知晓率调查。共纳入605例患者,使用χ2检验比较了宣传前后知晓率的改变。结果患者全部为男性,平均年龄(31.5±6.70)岁,99.5%(602/605)仅有初中及以下文化程度。结核病症状筛查阳性率为10.1%(61/605),主要症状为咳嗽、咳痰持续2周以上等。症状筛查阳性者结核病检出率为21.3%(13/61),HIV/AIDS患者结核病检出率为2.1%(13/605)。干预前后,患者总知晓率分别为20.8%和87.1%(χ2=2174.261,P=0.000),各单题知晓率也有显著性提高。结论强制隔离戒毒所应成为开展结核病/HIV防治工作的重点场所,今后需进一步规范强制隔离戒毒所HIV/AIDS患者结核病症状筛查流程,提高HIV/AIDS患者结核病防治知晓率。

Study on TB screening and interventionamong people living with HIV/AIDS in compulsory drug rehabilitation center

Objective To determine the prevalence of TB and improve the awareness level of TB knowledge among people living with HIV/AIDS（PLHIV）in a compulsory drug rehabilitation center.Methods Using typical survey method,605 PLHIV were enrolled from a compulsory drug rehabilitation center in Sichuan Province.TB suspicious symptoms were obtained through TB screening questionnaire,and the positives were diagnosed by sputum smear and X-ray examination.Health education including TB/HIV leaflets contribution among PLHIV was carried out,and the difference of awareness between before and after intervention was compared by Chi-square test.Results All of 605 PLHIV were male,average age was（31.5±6.7）years old,99.5%（602/605）of them with junior high school education or less.TB symptoms positive rate was 10.1%（61/605）,the most common symptom was cough lasting more than 2 weeks,active TB detection rate among TB symptoms positive was 21.3%（13/61）.Active TB detection rate among PLHIV was 2.1%（13/605）.The total awareness rate increased from 20.8% to 87.1%（χ2=2174.261,P=0.000）,and awareness rate for each question was also improved significantly.Conclusion Compulsory drug rehabilitation center should be the key place for TB/HIV prevention and control,further effort should be focused on standardizing the TB screening procedure and increasing the awareness rate of TB knowledge among PLHIV.