中国科举制度的演变与利弊分析

中国的科举制度是中国古代选拔官吏的一种考试制度，几乎贯穿整个封建社会的始终，对中国的政治、经济、文化和教育等诸多方面都产生过极大影响。其优点主要表现为考教分离，公平竞争；较为科学地选拔人才，维护政治统治；推动文化传承发展，造就重学之风；影响现代文官制度的建立。其弊端主要表现为考试内容单一，知识结构僵化；与时代和社会发展严重脱节；仍然存在选拔不公。得到的评价也褒贬不一，在选官制度的视野里，应全面、客观地审视这项制度，综合其利弊得失，为今所用。

Analysis of the Evolvement and Advantages and Disadvantages on the Imperial Examination System in China

The imperial examination system, employed throughout the whole feudalism society, was to choose bureaucracy in ancient China, which had great influence on many aspects, concerning politics, economy, cul- ture, education and so on. The advantages can be summarized into the following points ： first of all, the separation between examination and teaching made competition faire; secondly, it was scientific to select talents and maintain political dominion; thirdly, it promoted culture development and established the atmosphere of respect- ing learning ; lastly, it lay the foundation for modern civilian regulation. The focus of its disadvantage lies in ： the simple content of the examination caused the learners＂ knowledge structure rigid; the examination was segregated from times and social development; unfair talent-selection still existed. It was evident that people＇s attitudes toward the imperial examination system was different. Thus, we should examine the system comprehensively and objectively to balance its advantages and disadvantages to benefit us today.