中国城镇建设用地投入效益研究

 面对人多地少、位处工业化、城镇化加速发展阶段的现实状况，如何合理、有效配置（利用）土地资源成为我国当前可持续发展研究中的重要内容，而城镇建设用地投入效益评价则为土地资源的合理配置提供了理论依据和科学参考，为此对其进行评价具有重要的理论和现实意义。基于城镇建设用地投入效益的界定，认为其是一个基于生产性要素投入产出效率、人工复合生态系统内在经济、社会、生态环境效益耦合协调性、空间载荷强度及区域关系、制度安排合理程度的客观反映，据此构建评价体系，并以我国30个省（自治区、直辖市）为研究单元进行实证研究。结果表明：（1）我国城镇建设用地投入效益呈现出：水平特征——粗放、低效增长，内在经济、社会、生态环境系统耦合协调水平低，空间特征——分异明显，整体呈现出东部地区>西部地区>东北地区>中部地区的地理格局；（2）经济效益（3.500 5）>社会效益（3.019 3）>生态环境效益（1.332 9）的格局，在某种程度上映射出我国现有的宏观发展战略，存在重公平、忽视效率的弊端，严重扭曲了区际价值关系（“人人”矛盾尖锐）。为各省区配置城镇建设用地，进行区际生态补偿、财政转移支付以及省区内社会、经济、生态环境的协调可持续发展等提供了参考。

Benefits of China' s urban construction land input

Facing the national condition that there are a large number of populations but small land area，and staying in the accelerated urbanization and industry development stage，it is an important composite how to allocate the land resource reasonable and efficient use in the development research. The evaluation on the benefits of urban construction land input provides a theoretical and scientific significance to the rational allocation of land resources，so it is very important to do the evaluation study. Based on understanding the benefits of urban construction land input，this article considers that the benefits of urban construction land input is an objective reflection on the productive elements input-output efficiency，the coordination among the artificial composite ecological system internal’s economic benefit，social benefit and ecological environment benefit，the load bearing capacity，the reasonable degree of the regional relationship and the institutional arrangement，and then according to this，the article built the evaluation system，took the thirty provinces as research subject，and used SPSS Statistical software，combining with “China Statistical Yearbook 2010” relevant data to do the research. The result shows that: （1） the benefits of our country urban construction land input shows two typical characteristics: level feature——the growth is extensive and efficient，and the couple degree of internal economic，social and ecological environment is low; vertical feature——differentiation significant，and the whole level shows a following trend: In China the east region’s score>western region’s one>northeast region’s one >middle region’s one; （2） the pattern shows that economic benefit （3.5005）> social benefit （3.0193）>environment benefit （1.3329），to some degree，it reflects the fact that national macro development strategy relatively attaches more importance to social fairness than to efficiency，which distorts the inter-regional relations value seriously （person-person contradiction）. In a word，the benefits evaluation system takes into account the equity and efficiency，man and nature，and also provides a basis protection for the urban construction configuration，and a method to solve regional ecological compensation，and financial transfer payment of the provinces and provincial areas of social，economic，ecological and environmental sustainable development. It is a reasonable and operable urban construction land input benefits evaluation system. It can be used to dynamically supervise the reasonability of national urban construction land input，and to adjust the allocation of the land input of the nation.