Production of brown pigments for porcelain insulator applications |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Anadolu University, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Iki Eylul Campus, 26550 Eskisehir, Turkey;2. Istanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey;1. Prolec GE – Centro de Investigación Aplicada (CIAP), Apodaca, Nuevo León 66629, Mexico;2. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica (FIME), Programa Doctoral en Ingeniería de Materiales, Nuevo León 066451, Mexico;1. Institut d’Electronique et de Télécommunications de Rennes (IETR), Equipe Matériaux Fonctionnels, IUT Saint-Brieuc, Université de Rennes 1, Saint Brieuc 22000, France;2. Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Equipe Verres et Céramiques, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes 35042, France;1. Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, 620002, Russia;2. Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt;3. Physics Department, Faculty of Science (Girls Branch), Al-Azhar University, Egypt;4. Medical Diagnostic Imaging Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates;5. Uskudar University, Medical Radiation Research Center (USMERA), Istanbul, 34672, Turkey;6. Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71451, Saudi Arabia;7. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koom, Menoufia, 32511, Egypt;8. Institute of Nuclear Physics and Engineering, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia;9. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt;10. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21974, Saudi Arabia;11. Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, INPOLDE Research Center, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, 47 Domneasca Street, Galati, 800008, Romania;1. School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia;2. Geology Department, School of Mines, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG 35400-00, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | In this study, production of brown pigment for the ceramic insulator applications by using inexpensive natural raw materials or waste materials was undertaken. Different pigment compositions were designed, synthesised and examined. As a source of chromium, chromite, Cr2O3 and ferrochrome were used. Limonite, grinding waste, flotation waste and iron oxide scale were used as an iron source whereas manganese oxide and ferromanganese were used as a manganese source. The colour of glazed insulator bodies change from dark brown to light brown depending on the pigment composition. The pigments prepared with ferrochrome, manganese oxide, flotation waste (C6) or iron oxide scale (D4) and calcined at 1300 °C have a darker brown colour and possess suitable L*a*b* values as 30.1, 2.7, 1.6 for C6 and 30.9, 2.1, 0.3 for D4, which are closer to the L*a*b* values (30.1, 2.9, 0.1) of commercial Mn FeCr pigments. The results indicate that waste materials containing iron can be used to produce brown pigments to be used in the insulator application in ceramic industry and as a result of this waste material can be converted into a value-added product. Also, ferrochrome can be used successfully as chromium source and help to reduce the cost of the pigment. |
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