春、夏季东海大桥海上风电场鱼类组成及多样性

2012年夏季（6月-8月）和2013年春季（3月-5月）分别对东海大桥海上风电场进行底拖网调查，共捕获鱼类22种，其中春季12种，夏季21种。这些种类隶属8目12科，其中种类数最多的为鲈形目石首鱼科，其次为鲽形目舌鳎科以及鲱形目鳃科，排名第三的为鲈形目带鱼科、鲳科、虾虎鱼科等。相关性研究表明，夏季鱼类种类数与同期监测的浮游饵料生物的种类数显著相关（R=0．80，P=0．00513，N=10）。鱼类多样性研究结果表明，春季东海大桥海上风电场鱼类多样度指数H’中重量H’最大值和数量H’最大值呈现两个极端，重量H’最大值靠近岸，位于大桥西侧，而数量H’最大值远离岸边，位于大桥东侧靠外海。夏季重量H’和数量H’最大值均位于东海大桥东面水域，重量H’最大值靠外海，而数量H’最大值则靠大桥。春季，重量多样度H，与水深、盐度及重量密度不相关，数量多样度H’与水深、盐度不相关，但与数量密度显著相关（R=0．72，Jp：0．0186,N=10），与种类数高度相关（R=0．96,P=0．00001，N=10）。春季数量密度和种类数的分布决定了数量多样度H’的分布。东海大桥海上风电场春季和夏季鱼类季节更替率达到50％，一些温度生态幅范围不同的种类进入该海域，是种类季节更替现象比较明显的重要原因之一。

Component and Diversity of Fishes in the Offshore Wind Farm of the East China Sea Bridge in Spring and Summer

the fish sampling with trawl net was carried out in the offshore wind farm of the East China Sea Bridge in spring of 2013 and summer of 2012. The results showed that there were 22 fish species in the waters including 12 species in spring and 21species in summer, which belong to 8 orders and 12 families. Fish species belonging to the Sciaenidae of Perciformes were the most abundant, and the second were that of the Cynoglossidae of Pleuronectiformes and the Engraulidae of Clupeiformes and the third were the Trichiuridae and Stromateoidae and Gobiidae of Perciformes etc. The number of fish species in summer was closely related to the one of planktonic food organisms observed at the same time（R =0.80,P=0.00513,N=lO）. In spring, sampling station with the maximum H＇ in weight was near the shore and to the west of the bridge. And the onewith the maximum in number was far from the shore and to the east of the bridge. In summer, sampling station with the maximum H＇ in weight was near the bridge while the one in number was far from the bridge.both of them were to the east of the bridge. In spring, the H＇ in weight was not related to the water depth, salinity and density in weight while the H＇ in number was closely related to the density in number （R=0.72,P=0.018 6,N= 10）and was highly related to the number of fish species（R=O.96,P=O.O00 01,N=10）. The distribution of H＇ in number in spring was determined by the one of density in number and number of fish species. The seasonal rate of species replacement in the offshore wind farm of the East China Sea Bridge was up to 50%. Some fish species with wide variety of ecological temperature came into the waters which was one of the reasons of high rate of species replacement.