限饲日龄对肉鸡福利指标和免疫器官发育的影响

本研究采用数量限饲,探讨不同限饲起始日龄对肉鸡整个生产周期中的福利状况和免疫器官发育的影响.方法]选1日龄AA肉用仔鸡360只,随机分为3个处理,每个处理设3个重复,每个重复40只.Ⅰ组为对照组,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的限饲开始日龄分别为8日龄和12日龄,限饲组限饲时间为7d,限饲强度均为对照组前一天采食量的80％,限饲组在非限饲期与对照组肉仔鸡均为自有采食和饮水.结果]早期限饲可显著降低35日龄、42日龄肉鸡胫骨长、尺骨长不对称性综合FA（P ＜0.05）;42日龄时肉鸡足底和腿关节的重度、中度和轻度灼伤各组之间差异不显著（P＞0.05）,但无灼伤率两试验组与对照组差异显著（P＜ 0.05）;42日龄时肉鸡的腿肌率、胸肌率两试验组与对照组差异季显著（P＜0.01）.早期限饲显著提高了肉鸡28日龄的法氏囊指数（P＜0.05）,8-14日龄限饲对28日龄时的脾脏指数影响显著（P＜0.05）;各处理组在14日龄、21日龄、28日龄、35日龄和42日龄时NDV抗体滴度差异不显著（P＞0.05）,但在28日龄后的血液中ND的抗体滴度增幅,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组高于对照组.结论]8-14日龄限饲可有效改善肉鸡的福利状况,促进了免疫器官的发育,提升了饲养后期肉鸡血清中的ND抗体滴度.

Effect of Age of Feed Development on Welfare Indicators and Immune Organs of Broilers

An experiment was conducted by the measure of limiting - feed to investigate the effects of beginning age of feed development on welfare indicators and immune organs of broilers during the production period. Meth- od： 360 one - day - old commercial generation AA broilers were randomly divided into three treatments, and each treatment contained 3 replicates： one was control group and the other two groups were control ones. The be- ginning ages of restriction for birds were 8d and 12d respectively by providing 80% feed consumed of control ones on previous day, and the phase of restriction is 7 days. Control group birds were fed and watered at liberty during whole experiment period, so did birds out of restriction period. Results： Early feed restriction can significandy lower the asymmetry synthesis of broiler tibial length, ulna length from 35d and 42d （P 〈 0.05 ）. There is no difference from the broilers at 42d among the severe, moderate and mild bum of foot and leg joints（P 〉 0.05 ）. But a significance is shown between control group and two experimetal groups with no bum rate（ P 〈0.05） ; the percentage of leg and breast of broilers at 42d was significantly higher by two experimetal groups （ P 〈 0.01 ）.Early feed restriction can significantly raise the indicators of bursa Fabricii of the broilers at 28d（ P 〈 0.05 ）. The spleen indicators of feed restriction at 8d to 14d was different from that of the broilers at 28d （P 〈 0.05）. there is no difference with ND titers from each group at 14d, 21d, 28d, 35d and 42d（P 〉0.05）. However, ND titers from the serum of broilers at 28d is enhanced in group 11 and II than that of the control group. Conclusion ： By using the measure of feed restriction, the welfare indicators of the broilers at 8d to 14d can be improved which promote the development of immune organs and enhance ND titers from the broilers＇ serum during the latter of feeding period