介孔铁铝/蒙脱土复合材料：解离柱撑制备、结构及催化羟基化性能

利用极稀悬浮液中蒙脱土的解离作用并结合柱化技术过程，制备了介孔结构的铝铁/蒙脱土复合材料(Fe-Al/mmt)；并采用粉末X射线衍射、氮等温吸脱附、傅立叶红外光谱、紫外可见光漫反射光谱及苯酚催化羟基化反应表征了其结构和性能。结果显示，铁铝聚合前驱液中铁/铝比影响复合材料中蒙脱土的解离程度，且仅当低铁/铝比时(即Fe/(Fe+Al)物质的量的比介于0.05～0.3)，嵌入解离的蒙脱土片层间的混合铁铝物种呈现能耐温350 ℃的热稳定性；氮等温吸脱附分析反映出这种解离的蒙脱土堆积结构呈现介孔特征，孔径分布窄，介于2.0～2.3 nm；红外分析表明材料表面具有L酸和B酸位，并且L酸位量与嵌入解离的蒙脱土结构中的混合铁铝物种相关；由于结构中混合铁铝物种的存在及相应的Si-O → Fe、Al-O → Fe间的电子跃迁，Fe-Al/mmt材料在紫外区呈现宽泛的能量吸收特征。这些结果说明，由于混合铁铝物种嵌入于解离的蒙脱土片层堆积结构中，形成了“卡片屋”式介孔结构。实验条件下，Fe/(Fe+Al)物质的量的比为0.3的Fe-Al/mmt呈现较佳的催化羟基化性能，苯酚转化率为36.7%，二酚产物选择性32.3%；并且初步表明铝掺杂后，通过铁铝比和表面酸性的调整，材料的部分选择氧化性能可以得到改善。

Structure and Catalytic Hydroxylation of Mixed Iron-Aluminum Oxide/Montmorillonite Composites with Ordered Mesostructure Prepared by Combined Pillaring and Delamination

Using delamination of the ultra dilute montmorillonite (mmt) suspension and pillaring techniques, the mixed Fe-Al/montmorillonite (Fe-Al/mmt) composites with mesoporous structure have been synthesized. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UVVis-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis-DRS) and catalytic hydroxylation of phenol with H2O2 were used to characterize the samples. The XRD results suggest that the content of Fe plays an important role in the delaminating degree of mmt owing to flocculation of Fe-Al polyoxycations precursors. Only under lower molar ratio of0.05 to 0.3 of Fe/(Fe+Al), can Fe-Al/mmt composites with the intercalated and occluded mixed thermally stable Fe-Al oxide particles up to 350 ℃ be obtained. Accordingly, the nitrogen sorption isotherms of resulting samples are of mesoporous type with hysteresis loops and narrow pore size distribution. The FTIR spectra preliminarily show the synthesized Fe-Al/mmt composites contain both Bronsted and Lewis acid sites. Lewis acid sites could be mainly provided and adjusted by intercalated/occluded mixed Fe-Al species. The UV-Vis-DRS spectra indicate the occurrence of clay Si-O → Fe and Al-O → Fe charge transfer transitions and interband transitions, leading tothe characteristic broad absorbance and confirming the formation of mixed Fe-Al oxide in mmt aggregates. So it has been postulated that under experimental conditions, when the ultra dilute mmt suspension was used, the flocculation of mmt by pillaring Fe-Al polyoxycations could lead to delaminated aggregates, the "card-house" structure occluding in mixed Fe-Al polyoxycations species. The catalytic activity of phenol hydroxylation was at a ratio of Fe/(Fe+Al)=0.3 with phenol conversion of 36.7% and selectivity to hydroxylation products of 32.3%. The doping of alumina could improve the catalytic partial oxidation via adjustment of Fe/(Fe+Al) ratio and the surface acidity.