某医学院校大学生健康素养现状及影响因素分析

目的了解某医学院校在校大学生健康素养水平及其影响因素，为有针对性地开展大学生健康素养干预工作提供参考依据。方法以某医学院校在校本科生为研究对象，采用分层整群抽样方法，使用2009年《中国公民健康素养调查问卷》进行调查。结果该医学院校大学生健康素养总体具备率16.5%，其中健康素养知识理念、健康生活方式与行为、健康技能的具备率分别为29.3%、5.4%、63.0%。对健康素养评分的影响因素分析显示, 临床专业学生的健康素养总评分和3个维度评分均高于护理、全科专业(P < 0.01)；随着年级的升高学生健康素养总评分和健康素养知识理念、健康生活方式和行为及健康技能3个维度评分均呈升高趋势(P < 0.01)；女生在健康素养总评分和健康生活方式与行为上评分均高于男生(P < 0.05和P < 0.01)；汉族学生健康素养总水平、健康素养知识理念、健康生活方式与行为上评分高于回族、满族(P < 0.01)。随着学生家庭平均月收入的升高健康素养总水平和健康素养知识理念上评分呈升高趋势(P < 0.05)；是否独生子女、生源地、父母亲受教育程度及月生活费对大学生健康素养评分的影响均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论医学院校在校大学生的健康素养水平需要进一步提升，学校应加强对医学生健康素养的培养，以提高医学生健康素养水平。

Analysis on the current situation and influencing factors of health literacy of undergraduate in a medical college

ObjectiveTo understand the level and influencing factors of health literacy of undergraduate in a medical college, and provide the reference for the targeted intervention of health literacy of college students.MethodsTaking the undergraduates of a medical college as the research object, the stratified cluster sampling method was adopted, and the Chinese Citizens' Health Literacy Questionnaire in 2009 was used to investigate.ResultsThe overall health literacy rate of the medical college students was 16.5%, and the rates of knowledge and concept of health literacy, healthy lifestyle and behavior, health skills were 29.3%, 5.4% and 63.0%, respectively.The results of the analysis of influencing factors on health literacy score showed that the total score and three dimensions score of health literacy in clinical students were higher than those in nursing and general practice students(P < 0.01).With the increasing of grade, the total score of students' health literacy, and scores of knowledge and concept of health literacy, healthy lifestyle and behavior and health skills showed an increasing trend(P < 0.01).The overall score of health literacy, healthy lifestyle and behavior score in female students were higher than those in male students(P < 0.05 and P < 0.01).The total level of health literacy, scores of knowledge and concept of health literacy, scores of healthy lifestyle and behavior in Han students were higher than those in Hui and Man students(P < 0.01).With the increasing of the average monthly income of students' families, the overall level of health literacy and score of health literacy knowledge concept showed an increasing trend(P < 0.05).The differences of the effects of only child, place of origin, parents' education level and monthly living expenses on the health literacy score of college students were not statistically significant(P>0.05).ConclusionsThe level of the health literacy of medical college students needs to be further improved, the school should strengthen the cultivation of health literacy to improve the level of health literacy of medical students.