钛合金表面激光熔覆陶瓷涂层的研究进展

针对钛合金在实际应用过程中存在硬度低、耐磨性差、高温易氧化以及生物活性低等问题,国内外学者利用陶瓷材料较高的硬度、优异的耐磨性和高温抗氧化性能的特点,以及激光熔覆技术可以实现涂层与基材的冶金结合,较高的冷却速率使涂层内部晶粒得到细化的优势,开展了钛合金表面激光熔覆陶瓷涂层的广泛研究。首先简要概括了钛合金表面激光熔覆陶瓷材料的特点,介绍了在激光熔覆过程中常见的陶瓷材料以及所具备的特殊性能。从陶瓷涂层制备方式和陶瓷材料体现的功能两个方面,综述了国内外的研究特点、现状和进展。对比分析了激光制备纯陶瓷涂层、激光制备陶瓷与金属合金复合涂层、激光原位合成陶瓷复合涂层、激光制备陶瓷梯度涂层的优缺点。介绍了在钛合金表面激光熔覆耐磨涂层、高温抗氧化涂层、耐蚀涂层和生物涂层的进展,分析了陶瓷材料在提高相关性能时所发挥的作用。最后针对钛合金表面激光熔覆陶瓷材料存在的问题,对钛合金表面激光熔覆陶瓷涂层未来的发展趋势进行了讨论与展望。

Development of Laser Cladding Ceramic Coatings on Titanium Alloy Surface

In view of the problems of low hardness, poor wear resistance, easy oxidation at high temperature and weak bioactivity in the practical application of titanium alloys, domestic and foreign scholars have carried out extensive research of laser cladding ceramic coatings on titanium alloys, based on the characteristics of high hardness, excellent wear resistance and high temperature oxidation resistance of ceramic materials, as well as the superiority of metallurgical bonding between coating and substrate and refinement of the internal grain of coating by higher cooling rate of laser cladding technology. Firstly, the characteristics of laser cladding ceramic materials on titanium alloys were summarized and common ceramic materials and their special properties in laser cladding process were introduced. The research characteristics, research situation and progress at home and abroad were summarized in terms of the preparation methods of ceramic coating and the functions of ceramic materials. The merits and demerits of pure ceramic coating prepared by laser, ceramic-metal alloy composite coating prepared by laser, ceramic composite coating prepared by laser in situ and ceramic gradient coating prepared by laser were compared and analyzed. The progress of laser cladding wear resistant coatings, high temperature oxidation resistant coatings, corrosion resistant coatings and biological coatings on the surface of titanium alloys was introduced, and the role of ceramic materials in improving related properties was analyzed. Finally, in view of the existing problems of laser cladding ceramic materials on titanium alloy surface, the future research directions of laser cladding ceramic coatings on titanium alloy surface were discussed and prospected.