栽培食用菌重金属含量的测定及健康风险评价

目的研究某省栽培食用菌中重金属污染情况,评价经食用菌膳食途径摄入重金属的人体健康风险。方法采用原子吸收光谱法和原子荧光光谱法测定4种食用菌样品中Pb、Cd、As、Hg含量,并与中国食品中污染物限量标准进行比较;采用美国环保署(USEPA)2000年提出的健康风险模型,通过计算目标危害系数(THQ、TTHQ)的方法预测食用菌中重金属产生的健康风险。结果 151份食用菌样品中,1.45%香菇中的Pb,10.14%香菇和1.82%平菇中的Cd,5.80%香菇、3.64%平菇和11.11%黑木耳中的As,1.45%香菇中的Hg含量超过国家标准限量值,金针菇中的4种重金属均不超标;从单一重金属风险来看,成人摄入所调查的4种栽培食用菌虽然尚属安全,但As应引起重视,尤其是香菇和黑木耳,儿童经膳食途径摄入所调查的4种栽培食用菌可能存在As的膳食摄入潜在风险,尤其是香菇、平菇和黑木耳。此外,香菇中的Cd也应引起重视;从多种重金属复合风险来看,成人和儿童摄入所调查的4种栽培食用菌可能存在潜在健康风险,成人和儿童的潜在复合健康风险主要由As、Cd引起。结论 As和Cd是该省4种栽培食用菌中的主要重金属污染物,成人和儿童摄入香菇、平菇和黑木耳可能存在潜在健康风险,儿童因摄食食用菌导致的重金属潜在健康风险高于成人。

Determination and health risk evaluation of heavy metals in cultivated edible mushrooms

Objective To study the characteristics of heavy metals content and examine the human health potential risk of heavy metal in edible mushrooms produced and sold in a province. Methods The atomic ab-sorption spectrometer (AAS) and atomic fluorescence spectrometer (AFS) were adopted to detect heavy metal concentrations of total lead (Pb), total cadmium (Cd), total arsenic (As) and total mercury (Hg) in 4 kinds of cultivated edible mushroom samples. The results were compared to main edible mushrooms standards of China. Under the help of healthy risk model proposed by USEPA (2000), the health risks of heavy metals were forecasted by the method of calculating the risk index (the target hazard quotient, THQ and TTHQ). Results Totally 1.45% of the Pb, 10.14% of the Cd, 5.80% of the As, and 1.45% of the Hg in Lentinula edodes, 1.82% of the Cd and 3.64% of the As in Pleurotus mushrooms, 11.11% of the As in Auricularia auricular exceeded the maximum allowable limits, respectively; four heavy metals in all Flammulina velutipes were less than the maximum allowable limits; for adults, 4 kinds of cultivated edible mushroom samples were safe by analyzing THQ, but total arsenic (As) should be paid attention to, in particular, Lentinula edodes and Auricularia auricular; 4 kinds of cultivated edible mushroom samples probably posed a potential health risk to children by analyzing THQ, in particular, Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus mushrooms and Auricularia auricular; in addition, Cd in Lentinulaedodes should be paid attention to; 4 kinds of cultivated edible mushroom samples might pose a potential health risk to adults and children by analyzing TTHQ; overall potential health risks were mainly caused by As and Cd. Conclusion As and Cd are the main heavy metal pollutants in edible mushrooms produced and sold in the province. Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus mushrooms and Auricularia auricular are likely to pose a potential health risk to adults and children. Potential health risks for children to consume edible mushrooms caused by heavy metals are bigger than adults.