鲁中地区一次超级单体风暴的雷达观测分析

利用济南、滨州和潍坊多普勒天气雷达及常规观测资料，对2016年6月14日下午到晚间发生在鲁中地区的超级单体回波演变和结构特征进行了分析。结果表明，该超级单体风暴产生在较大的对流有效位能和有利的风垂直切变条件下。其演变分为经典超级单体和强降水超级单体两个阶段。经典超级单体由普通单体迅速演变而来，其特征十分明显。强降水超级单体由经典超级单体风暴与其后侧下沉气流触发的普通单体风暴合并形成。合并过程造成风暴旋转强度增强，并产生类似龙卷的小尺度涡旋，导致了地面大风和大冰雹的出现。

Observational case study on a supercell storm in central Shandong Province

The evolution and structure of a supercell, which occurred from afternoon till night on 14 June 2016 in central Shandong Province, is analyzed based on the Doppler weather radar data and conventional observation data in Jinan, Binzhou, and Weifang. The main results are as follows. The supercell storm occurred in a favorable environment of high convective available potential energy (CAPE) and strong vertical wind shear. Its evolution can be divided into two phases, the classic supercell phase and high-precipitation (HP) supercell phase. The classic supercell, with distinct features, evolved rapidly from the initial ordinary cells. The HP supercell formed through the mergers of the previous classic supercell and smaller ordinary cells originated from its rear-flank downdrafts. During the mergers, the rotation is intensified and tornado-like small-scale vortices are generated, leading to gales on the ground and large hailstones.