初加工过程对党参中5种农药残留的影响

目的] 明确党参初加工过程中多菌灵、三唑酮、戊唑醇、咪鲜胺和苯醚甲环唑5种农药残留变化情况。方法] 通过实验室浸泡法模拟农药污染试验，采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UHPLC-MS/MS)检测经过清洗、水煮和干燥3种初加工过程后，多菌灵、三唑酮、戊唑醇、咪鲜胺和苯醚甲环唑在党参中的残留量。结果] 结果表明，清洗后党参中农药残留量降低至0.04~0.76 mg/kg，去除率达18.0%~87.9%，加工因子（PF）在0.12~0.79之间，以2%的小苏打水清洗效果最佳。水煮后残留浓度降低至0.069~0.64 mg/kg，去除率达18.6%~67.1%，PF在0.35~0.84之间，以水煮3 min处理对5种农药残留去除效果较好。党参中5种农药残留量在经干燥后残留量在0.27~1.22 mg/kg之间，PF值范围为1.86~4.10，比干燥前增加了44.3%~74.7%，不同温度下的农药残留量大小顺序为50 ℃＞40 ℃＞60 ℃。不同加工过程对5种农药的去除效果强弱顺序依次为：清洗>水煮>干燥。结论]党参以2%小苏打水清洗，水煮时间为3 min，烘干温度为60 ℃进行加工，农药残留去除效果最佳；实验结果为有效预防农药残留对生产的影响提供技术支撑，对保障食品安全具有重要意义。

Effects of initial processing on residues of 5 kinds of pesticide in Codonopsis pilosul

Aims] The aim of this research was to investigate the change of carbendazim, triadimefon, tebuconazole, prochloraz and difenoconazole residue in the initial processing of Codonopsis pilosula. Methods] The Codonopsis pilosula. samples were simulated by soakingin pesticides polluted water in laboratory. The samples were detected the residual of carbendazim, triadimefon, tebuconazole, prochloraz and difenoconazole in Codonopsis pilosula after cleaning, boiling and drying by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Result] The results showed that the pesticide residues in Codonopsis pilosula were reduced to 0.04-0.76 mg/kg after cleaning, and the removal rate and processing factor (PF) was 18.0%-87.9% and 0.12-0.79, respectively, and the cleaning effect was the best with 2 % baking soda water. After boiled, the residual concentration decreased to 0.069-0.64 mg/kg, the removal rate was 18.6%-67.1%, and the PF was 0.35-0.84. The treatment of boiled for 3 min had better removal effect on five pesticide residues. The five pesticide residues in Codonopsis pilosula were between 0.27-1.22 mg/kg after drying, and the PF value ranged from 1.86-4.10, which was 44.3%-74.7% higher than that before drying. The order of pesticide residues at different temperatures was 50 °C > 40 °C > 60 °C. The removal rates of five pesticides residues by different processing methods were ordered as follows: cleaning > boiling > drying. Conclusion] The best removal effect of pesticide residues for Codonopsis pilosula was washed with 2% baking soda water, boiled for 3 min, and dried at 60 °C. It is of great significance to ensure food safety and providing technical support for effectively preventing the impact of pesticide residues on production.