超广谱β-内酰胺酶的流行状况及防治措施

超广谱β-内酰胺酶(extended-spectrum beta-lactamases,ESBLs)被证实对广谱的β-内酰胺酶类抗生素耐药,包括三代头孢菌素(如头孢他啶).ESBLs主要在常见的院内病原体(如大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌)中被发现.因ESBLs表达导致的耐药性迅速增加,给公共卫生事业带来了严重和持续的威胁.本文综述了ESBLs的分类、产生菌、耐药机制、检测方法 发、流行趋势、危险因素及干预方法 发等.

Epidemic condition and preventive measures of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) confer resistance to a broad range ofcommonly used β-lactams, including third-generation cephalosporins such as ceftazidime. ESBLs pose aparticularly acute threat, because they are found primarily in common nosoeomial pathogens, such asEscherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae. The rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance due to ESBLexpression poses a significant and ongoning threat to public health. This article reviews the classification,producing pathogens, antimicrobial-resistant mechanisms, detection, epidemiologieal profile, risk factors andintervention methods of ESBLs,and preventive measures.