广东省湛江市部分小学生骨密度调查及影响因素研究

目的了解广东省湛江市部分小学生跟骨的超声骨密度状况及生活习惯中的影响因素,为开展预防骨质疏松健康教育提供依据和参考。方法采用分层抽样选取湛江市城区某所小学一至五年级学生1078例为检测对象,用超声骨密度仪测定受检者右足跟部骨密度SOS值,同时测量受检者体重、身高,发放生活习惯调查问卷。用SPSS 15.0软件统计分析资料。结果 7～12岁小学生的骨密度SOS值随年龄的增长呈较弱的先降后升非线性趋势增长,男生10岁时骨密度水平显著低于7岁,女生9岁时骨密度水平显著低于12岁。10岁组男生骨密度SOS值(1538±24)低于女生(1545±22),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。骨密度Z值≤-2.0的人数共计17人,即1.6%的学生低于本次测量的同年龄儿童水平。骨密度SOS值与身高有较弱负相关(r=-0.071),与体重、BMI和出生体重无关。每日进餐次数、日照时间、运动次数、运动时间、是否喝牛奶及有无月经是影响骨密度的重要因素,相关系数分别为0.077、0.098、0.124、0.082、0.063和0.153。结论小学生和家长对从幼年开始预防骨质疏松重要性的认识较薄弱,必须加强相关知识的健康教育。

Investigation on bone mineral density and influencing factors in health children in Zhanjiang City of Guangdong Province

Objective To understand the situation of bone mineral density（BMD） and influencing factors among children in Zhanjiang of Guangdong and to provide empirical evidence for developing health education on osteoporosis.Methods A sample of 1078 students from 1 to 5 grades in an elementary school in Zhanjiang City was obtained.The information on ultrasound bone density,weight,and height were collected,and the students were also asked to complete a lifestyle questionnaire.Data were analyzed by SPSS 15.0.Results The growth trend of children＇ BMD was not linear,following a pattern of early slow decreasing and latter increasing,as boys had a significant decline between 7 years old and 10,and girls had a significant decline between 9 years old and 12.Ten-year-old boys＇ BMD level（1538±24） was significantly lower than ten-year-old girls＇（1545±22）.Seventeen（1.6%） students had lower level of bone mineral density,defined as Z value for BMD less than or equal to-2.0.BMD SOS values was weakly negatively correlated with height（r=-0.071）,not with weight,BMI,and weight at birth.The BMD were influenced by several factors including times of meals per day,time under the sun,exercise frequency,duration of exercise,drinking milk or not,and menstruating or not.Correlation coefficients were 0.077,0.098,0.124,0.082,0.063,and 0.153,respectively.Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen health education on osteoporosis prevention,as elementary students and parents are not totally aware of the importance of preventing osteoporosis at early ages.