榆神府矿区含水层富水特征及保水采煤途径

榆神府矿区地处毛乌素沙漠与黄土高原的接壤地带,生态环境脆弱,水资源匮乏,区内各主要含水层分布与富水性不均,含水层富水性及矿井涌水对煤矿生产影响差异较大,因此矿井水资源的综合利用与含水层的有效保护对煤矿生产与地区生态建设意义重大。通过分析萨拉乌苏组、烧变岩、风化基岩层等各主要含水层的形成、分布及富水特征,结合矿井首采煤层上覆基岩厚度与矿井目前涌水量情况,将区内生产矿井及待规划区域从"水资源保护与矿井水利用"角度划分为水量贫乏型、水量较丰富型、水量丰富型及地表水体型4种类型,并根据不同类型的分布特征进行了分区。在此基础上,针对不同的水资源保护与矿井水利用类型,分别提出了采空区存储净化、工业利用、农业灌溉、湿地建设和人工湖泊等具体的水资源保护与矿井水利用途径和措施。讨论了"保水采煤"的科学内涵,认为"保水采煤"的基本措施应当包括保护浅部主要含水层和矿井水资源利用两部分,即将"保水"与"用水"相结合,拓展了"保水采煤"的科学含义;建议在矿井规划时,应综合考虑开采损害影响与环境自身修复能力,在满足能源开采经济利益的同时,保证生态环境不发生质的破坏;提出了利用经济效益"反哺"当地生态和"绿色经济"建设的一点猜想,为矿区未来的规划建设提供了一定的参考意义。

Abundance of aquifers in Yushenfu coal field and the measures for water-preserved coal mining

Yushenfu coal field is located in the Maowusu Desert and the Loess Plateau convergence zone in China,where ecological environment is fragile and ecological water resources are scarce.The heterogeneous distribution of main aquifers and mine water inflow influence the safe production of coal mines.Thus,the protection and uti-lization of water resources are of significance to coal mine production and ecological construction.After analyzing the distribution and water abundance of the main aquifers,such as Salawusu Formation,burnt rock and weathering bedrock,combining the thickness of overlying bedrock and water inflow on field,the operating coal mines and unplanned areas could be divided into four types which are the areas of water scarcity,water richness,water abundance and surface water source.The study area has been divided into sub-regions according to the classification and their distribution.Based on the classification,the concrete measures for water preservation and mine water utilization have been proposed such as storage and purification in goaf area,industrial utilization,agricultural irrigation,wetlands construction and artificial lakes.In the paper,the scientific content of water-preserved mining has been extended and interpreted as that both preserving shallow main aquifers and effectively utilizing coal mine water resource should be taken simultaneously.It proposes that mining damage and ecological self-repair should be considered before coal mine construction.It also proposes that the idea of using economic benefits to repay the local ecosystem and green economy which provides certain references for mining area planning and construction.