回顾时限对伤害流行病学调查结果 可信度影响的研究

目的 探讨不同回顾时限对儿童青少年伤害流行病学调查结果的影响.方法 对马鞍山市4523名学生进行1年的伤害主动监测,各学校由校医或健康信息员每天收集学生伤害事件,监测时间为2007年11月1日至2008年10月31日.监测对象分成3组,每组分别采用不同的间隔时限进行伤害自我回顾性报告.结果 4523名学生,全年共发生伤害事件6350人次,总伤害事件年发生率为74.2%,男生发生率(78.6%)高于女生(70.0%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).间隔3个月一次的回顾性报告伤害年发生率减低0.02%,伤害次数减少19人次;间隔6个月一次的回顾性报告伤害年发生率减低0.02%,伤害次数减少58人次;12个月回顾性调查过去一年内伤害事件发生情况,伤害年发生率减低8.8%,伤害次数减少505人次,以3～6岁组和轻度及微小伤害减低更为显著.结论 间隔3个月一次和间隔6个月一次回顾性报告的伤害年发生率只有轻微减低,对伤害信息的获得较完整;12个月的回忆期限,低估了伤害的发生风险;儿童青少年伤害的回顾时限以6个月为宜.

Influenceof retrospective time period on reliability of epidemiological survey to injuries

Objective To analyze the influence of different recall time periods on epidemiological survey of injuries among children and adolescents. Methods A study on injuries for 12 months follow-up period was actively surveyed among 4523 pupils selected by cluster sampling from 12 kindergartens, 1 elementary school, 1 junior high school, 1 senior high school and 1 college in Maanshan city in November, 2007 to November, 2008. Injury events were actively surveyed by school doctors or class health workers simultaneously. Participants were divided into three groups, the first group including self-reported injuries by 3-months interval, the second group with self-recalled injuries by 6-months interval and the third group with self-reported injuries in the past 12 months. Validity and reliability of injuries between surveillance injuries and retrospective injuries were compared. Results The overall rate of injury events was 74.2% and injury events and rate was higher in boys than that in girls (P<0.01) , In total, 6350 injury events were registered for the survey. Compare with surveillance findings, the injury rate declined 0.02% and the number of injuries had a 19 person/time reduction from the retrospective injuries by 3-months interval. The injury rate declined 0.02% and number of injuries reduced 58 person/times from the survey of retrospective injuries by 6-month interval. The rate of injuries declined 8.8% and frequencies had a 505 reduction from data of self-reported injuries in the past 12 months. The largest declines were found for the 3 to 6 year-old age group and for minor injuries. Conclusion The 12-month recall period on underestimate injury rates was compared to the 3-month recall periods and 6-month recall periods. Recall periods of 6 months were recommended to be used in injury survey in children and adolescents.