Gold mineralization in the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt of South China: Geological,geochemical and geochronological characteristics,ore deposit-type and geodynamic setting |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Key Laboratory of Mineral and Metallogeny, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;2. Department of Geology, University of Regina, Regina S4S 0A2, Canada;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China;4. Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring, Ministry of Education, School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;1. Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China;4. School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;3. Seismological Bureau of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China;4. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China;5. Sichuan Changning Natural Gas Development Co., Ltd, Chengdu 610000, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China;2. Sichuan Earthquake Agency, Chengdu 610041, China;3. Sichuan Seistech Corporation Ltd, Chengdu 610041, China;1. Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. School of Earth Science and Geological Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;4. Center for Earth Environment & Resources, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;5. School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;6. Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China;1. Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430074, China;2. National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mineral Exploration Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430074, China;3. Department of Geoscience, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 2, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;1. Key Laboratory of Mineral and Metallogeny, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;2. Department of Geology, University of Regina, Regina S4S 0A2, Canada;3. CSIRO Mineral Resources, PO Box 1130, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia;4. State Key Laboratory of Geological Process and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China |
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| Abstract: | Located in the southeastern margin of the Yangtze Block and generally interpreted as the Neoproterozoic collisional product of the Yangtze with the Cathaysia Blocks of South China, the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt (JOB) contains a number of gold (Au) (-polymetallic) ore deposits and mineral showings, mostly hosted by Neoproterozoic low-grade metamorphic volcaniclastic and sedimentary rocks. The mineralization styles mainly include auriferous quartz veins and disseminated mineralization in altered mylonite and cataclasite that are developed along shear zones, fracture zones and inter- or intra-formational fault zones closely related to regional folding and shearing deformation. Three gold mineralizing epochs are recognized in the JOB. The ca. 423–397 Ma mineralization was associated with the early Paleozoic tectonothermal event(s), which induced widespread emplacement of Silurian S-type granites, low-grade metamorphism and enrichment of gold in the Neoproterozoic rocks (i.e., forming Au source beds). The second Au mineralization epoch, occurring at ca. 176–170 Ma (Jurassic), was related to the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate beneath the South China continental margin. The third and most important Au mineralization epoch took place at ca. 144–130 Ma (early Cretaceous), when a Basin-and-Range tectonic pattern was developed, characterized by NE–NNE-trending strike-slip faults, granitic domes and metamorphic core complexes (MCC), and basins filled with red bed lithologies. C, H, O, He-Ar, S and Pb isotopic and fluid-inclusion data suggest that the ore fluids were predominantly metamorphic and/or magmatic, with variable input of mantle-derived fluids and the progressive involvement of meteoric waters in the later stages of mineralization. Ore materials were mostly contributed by the Neoproterozoic source beds, plus a possible contribution from mantle- or magma-derived components. The Au (-polymetallic) deposits in the JOB, particularly those formed in the early Cretaceous, share many geological and geochemical features with the orogenic-type and Carlin-type deposits. In the context of tectonic evolution of South China, the gold mineralization in the JOB may be considered an “intracontinental reactivation type”, characterized by synchronous development of Au–polymetallic mineralization, reactivation of stuctures developed in Neoproterozoic metamorphic rocks, and widespread granite emplacement in the late Mesozoic. |
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| Keywords: | Au (-polymetallic) deposits Jiangnan Orogenic Belt (JOB) Basin-and-Range like province Intracontinental reactivation-type South China |
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