Role of CD4+ T Cells in the Control of Viral Infections: Recent Advances and Open Questions |
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Authors: | Jrme Kervevan Lisa A Chakrabarti |
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Affiliation: | 1.Control of Chronic Viral Infections Group (CIVIC), Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France;2.CNRS UMR, 3569 Paris, France |
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Abstract: | CD4+ T cells orchestrate adaptive immune responses through their capacity to recruit and provide help to multiple immune effectors, in addition to exerting direct effector functions. CD4+ T cells are increasingly recognized as playing an essential role in the control of chronic viral infections. In this review, we present recent advances in understanding the nature of CD4+ T cell help provided to antiviral effectors. Drawing from our studies of natural human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) control, we then focus on the role of high-affinity T cell receptor (TCR) clonotypes in mediating antiviral CD4+ T cell responses. Last, we discuss the role of TCR affinity in determining CD4+ T cell differentiation, reviewing the at times divergent studies associating TCR signal strength to the choice of a T helper 1 (Th1) or a T follicular helper (Tfh) cell fate. |
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Keywords: | CD4+ T cell antiviral immunity T cell receptor virus HIV controllers |
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