从第21届冬奥会奖牌榜看世界冬季运动的竞争格局

运用文献资料、比较分析等方法,对第21届冬奥会奖牌排行榜进行了研究.结果表明：世界冬季运动总体竞争格局未发生重大的改变,冰上项目亚洲、欧洲、北美洲竞争更加激烈,雪上项目欧美国家占有统治地位;世界各地区冬季运动发展极不平衡,表现出明显的地域、项目特征;中国＂精英体育＂路线初见成效,冰上项目取得了历史性突破,但存在夺牌面少,雪上项目落后,阴盛阳衰等问题.

Analysis of the Structure of World Sports Competition from the Perspective of the Medal list of 21th Olympic Winter Games

By using literature and comparative analysis method,we studied the gold list of 21th Olympic Winter Games.The results showed that there is no major changes have taken place in the overall competition situation of the world winter sports.The competition in ice events becomes more intense in Asia,Europe and North America.Occident is still the dominant position in snow events.The development of winter sports has an obvious character of region and items.Initial successes have been achieved in China＇s ＂elite sport＂ line and it has made a historical breakthrough in ice events.But there are still problems to be solved,such as with the fewer medal area,the backward snow events and the case in which females are more aggressive than males.