辽宁省耕地利用的时空演变特征分析及对策

采用耕地核密度、动态度及影响机制等模型对1990—2020年辽宁省耕地空间分布演化与影响机制进行了探讨.结果表明:辽宁省耕地集聚特征显著，整体呈现“西北密东南疏”的空间分布格局，变化范围为0~10.17hm²/km².耕地变化的相对指数由1990年的西部、东部地区高逐渐到2020年的中部地区高，20世纪90年代耕地年均增加1.88×10⁴hm²，而21世纪后年均减少2.72×10⁴hm².沈阳、大连及鞍山等耕地面积减少，而盘锦、铁岭等耕地面积增加.自然因素是耕地利用的先决条件，但是社会经济及地区政策发挥着重要的作用.其中干旱化加剧及农业人口减少导致耕地面积减少了3.576×10⁵hm²，而随着社会发展，地均产值增长了302%，社会固定投资增长了9.4倍.建议政府鼓励耕地多元化种植，建立耕地流转机制，加强新农村建设，鼓励青年劳动力回乡发展科技农业.

Analysis and Countermeasures of Spatial-Temporal Evolution of Cultivated Land Use in Liaoning Province

The models of cultivated land kernel density， dynamic degree and influence mechanism were used to discuss the evolution and influence mechanism of cultivated land’s spatial distribution from 1990 to 2020 in Liaoning Province. The results showed that the characteristics of cultivated land agglomeration in Liaoning Province are significant， showing a spatial distribution pattern of "dense in the northwest and sparse in the southeast"， with a variation range of 0~10.17hm²/km². The relative index of cultivated land change gradually transformed from the high in the western and eastern regions in 1990 to the high in the central region in 2020. In the 1990s， the average annual increase of cultivated land was 1.88×10⁴hm²， but decreased by 2.72×10⁴hm² after the 21st century. The area of cultivated land decreased in Shenyang， Dalian and Anshan but increased in Panjin and Tieling. Natural factors are a prerequisite for cultivated land use， but socio-economic and regional policies play an important role. The intensification of drought and the reduction of agricultural population led to a reduction of 3.576×10⁵hm² of cultivated land. With the social development， the average output value increased by 302%， and the social fixed investment increased by 9.4 times. It is suggested that the government should encourage diversified cultivation of cultivated land， establish a mechanism for the circulation of cultivated land， strengthen the construction of new countryside， and encourage the young labor force to return home to develop science and technology agriculture.