城市社区居家老年人互助养老意愿影响因素分析研究

背景　在传统的养老服务中,时常将老年人作为被动的接受者,而忽视了其主观能动性的发挥。老年人参与互助养老不仅可以缓解养老服务的巨大压力,而且是实现积极老龄化、老有所为的重要途径。目的　了解安徽省社区居家老年人互助养老意愿及其影响因素,在养老资源有限的情况下,为有效提高资源利用效率和发挥老年人群作用提供依据。方法　2016年7-9月,采用多阶段分层抽样方法,依据《安徽统计年鉴》数据,随机选取合肥市和阜阳市的5个社区派出所记录在档案的65周岁及以上的城市社区居家老年人为调查对象,采用自制问卷调查其个体特征、家庭特征、经济特征、自评情况,采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨城市社区居家老年人互助意愿的影响因素。结果　共发放问卷534份,回收有效问卷500份,问卷有效回收率为93.6%。个体特征方面,社区居家老年人提供养老帮助意愿情况随年龄的增加而降低（P<0.05）。家庭特征方面,不同婚姻状况社区居家老年人提供养老帮助意愿情况比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;社区居家老年人提供养老帮助意愿情况随子女数增加而降低（P<0.05）。经济特征方面,社区居家老年人提供养老帮助意愿情况随月可支配收入的增加而增加（P<0.05）。自评情况方面,社区居家老年人提供养老帮助意愿情况随自评生理健康、自评心理健康、自评社交能力、自评认知能力的增加而增加（P<0.05）。阜阳市社区居家老年人接受社区养老服务意愿比例高于合肥市（χ2=22.189,P<0.001）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、月可支配收入、自评生理健康、自评认知能力是社区居家老年人提供养老帮助意愿的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论　社区居家老年人年龄越小、月可支配收入越高、自评生理状态越好及自评认知能力越好,越愿意尽能力帮助其他老年人;不同地区社区居家老年人接受社区养老服务意愿情况不同。

Factors Associated with Intention of Mutual Help in Elderly People with Home Care in Urban Communities

Background　During the delivery of traditional elderly care services,elderly people are often seen as passive recipients,and their subjective initiatives are often neglected.In fact,mutual help between elderly people possibly relieve the great pressure of elderly care services in satisfying the needs of the elderly,and also may be an important way to achieve active and productive aging.Objective　To investigate the intention and associated factors of mutual help between elderly people with home care in urban communities in Anhui Province,offering a basis for effectively improving the efficiency of resource utilization and for giving full play to the role of the elderly under the conditions of limited elderly care resources.Methods　We obtained data from Hefei and Fuyang part of Anhui Statistical Yearbook.From July to September 2016,from the participants of the two cities,we selected a stratified multistage sample of urban community-dwelling people（≥65 years） with home care and with records registered in 5 community police stations in the cities,and conducted a survey with them using a home-made questionnaire to collect their demographic,family and economic characteristics,as well as self-rated health status.We used multivariate Logistic regression analysis to explore the factors associated with mutual help.Results　A total of 534 cases participated in the survey,and 500（93.6%） of them returned responsive questionnaires.The level of intention of mutual help in elderly people decreased with age,and the increase of number of children （P<0.05）.But it increased with the growth of monthly disposable income （P<0.05）.Moreover,it also increased with the increase of the degree of self-rated physical health,mental health,social ability and cognitive ability（P<0.05）.Those from Fuyang had a higher proportion of intention of mutual help than those from Hefei （χ2=22.189,P<0.001）.The level of intention of mutual help in them differed significantly by marital status （P<0.05）.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age,monthly disposable income,self-rated physiological health and cognitive ability were associated with the level of intention of mutual help （P<0.05）.Conclusion　Younger age,higher monthly disposable income and better self-rated physiological health and cognitive ability were associated with higher level of intention of mutual help in elderly people with home care.Moreover,the level of intention of mutual help in this group showed a regional difference.