我国中老年人群高血压流行现状及影响因素研究

背景　高血压是一种常见的慢性病，也是心脑血管疾病的主要影响因素，已成为我国主要的公共卫生问题之一。目的　分析我国中老年人群高血压的流行现状，探讨其影响因素，以期对高危因素提前采取有效措施，预防高血压的发生发展。方法　以2015年中国健康与养老追踪调查（CHARLS）项目45岁及以上人群为研究对象。收集性别、年龄、居住地、文化程度、婚姻等社会人口学资料；身高、体质量等生理指标；睡眠时间、吸烟、饮酒等生活行为方式；健康自评状况和疾病史及收入等基本资料及患高血压的情况。采用Logistic回归分析高血压影响因素。结果　本研究共纳入15 645例研究对象，平均年龄为（61.3±10.1）岁，患有高血压的有5 379例，患病率为34.38%，其中男性患病率为33.79%（2 504/7 410），女性患病率为34.91%（2 875/8 235）。Logistic回归分析显示：性别、年龄、居住地、BMI、饮酒、慢性病数量、血脂异常、糖尿病是中老年人群高血压的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论　我国高血压患病率仍然处于较高水平，高血压的危险因素为男性、高龄、居住在城市、饮酒、慢性病数量>1种、血脂异常及糖尿病。需要加强针对中老年高血压人群及非高血压人群的健康教育，倡导积极健康的生活行为，预防高血压发生发展。

The Prevalence of Hypertension and Its Influencing Factors in Middle-aged and Elderly People in China

Background　Hypertension is a common chronic disease and a principal influencing factor of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. It has become one of the major public health problems in China. Objective　To analyze the prevalence of hypertension in the middle-aged and elderly population in China and identify its influencing factors，with a view to taking proactive measures in advance for high-risk factors to prevent the occurrence and progression of hypertension. Methods　People aged 45 and older who had been included in the China Health And Retirement Longitudinal Survey（CHARLS） in 2015 were taken as the research objects. The general demographic and sociological data，such as gender，age，place of residence，education background and marital status，and physical data，such as height and weight，and living data，such as sleep time，smoking and drinking habits，and other general data，such as results of health self-assessment，disease history and income as well as the status of hypertension were collected. The influencing factors of hypertension were analyzed by binary Logistic regression. Results　A total of 15 645 subjects were included in this study with an average age of （61.3±10.1）. And 5 379 patients had hypertension with the overall prevalence rate of 34.38%，of which the prevalence rate was 33.79%（2 504/7 410）in males and 34.91%（2 875/8 235） in females. Logistic regression analysis revealed that gender，age，place of residence，BMI，alcohol consumption，number of chronic diseases，presence of dyslipidemia and diabetes were factors involved in the development of hypertension（P<0.05）. Conclusion　The prevalence of hypertension remains a relatively high level in our country.The risk factors of hypertension are male，advanced age，living in the city，having drinking habit，with more than one chronic disease，and having dyslipidemia and diabetes. There is a need to strengthen the health education for middle-aged and elderly people with or without hypertension and encourage them to adopt healthy life styles to prevent the occurrence and progression of hypertension.