藏族医学药用罂粟科药材品种基原与标准整理

通过查阅藏族医药文献与相关标准,结合实地调查结果,对藏族医学（以下简称藏医学）药用的罂粟科植物的药材品种、基原及质量标准状况进行系统整理,为藏医学药用罂粟科植物的资源合理利用、品种整理及质量标准制定提供参考。结果表明,藏医学药用的罂粟科植物有6属约144种（含种下等级）,主要为高原分布的种类,其中有17种为我国特有种,以紫堇属（97种7变种1亚种）和绿绒蒿属（27种1变种）的种类最多;约涉及20个药材品种,其中有关标准中收载有12个,涉及基原植物30种（含变种）,部分药材的基原存在与其他科属植物交叉的情况。藏医学药用罂粟科植物药材多数为藏药特色品种,具有重要的资源开发利用潜力;多数药材品种存在“名称-基原”不规范、不同地区习用的基原种类差异较大、质量标准缺失或不完善的问题,有待结合现代药学研究开展其品种整理、质量标准制定工作。

Analysis of Varieties, Origins, and Standards of Tibetan Medicinal Materials from Papaveraceae

Through literature research and field investigation, this study aims to summarize the varieties, origins, and quality standards of Tibetan medicinal materials derived from Papaveraceae, which is expected to serve as a reference for rational utilization, species clarification, and quality standard formulation of Papaveraceae plants for the preparation of Tibetan medicine. The results showed that about 144 species (including infraspecies) in 6 genera of Papaveraceae were used in Tibetan medicine, which were mainly distributed on the plateau. Among them, 17 species are endemic to China, and most of the species belong to Corydalis (97 species, 7 varieties, 1 subspecies) and Meconopsis (27 species, 1 variety). About 20 medicinal materials were involved, of which 12 were included in relevant standards, involving 30 species (including varieties). The origins of some medicinal materials belong to other genera or families. Most of the Tibetan medicinal materials derived from Papaveraceae are unique to Tibetan medicine, which should be further developed and utilized. The following problems in the Tibetan medicinal materials should be emphasized: nonstandard "names-origins", great difference in the origins used among different regions, and no or unsound quality standard. Therefore, it is necessary to sort out the varieties of Tibetan medicinal materials and formulate sound quality standard based on modern pharmaceutical research.