阜阳市社区居民脑卒中危险因素筛查与分析

目的了解阜阳市社区居民脑卒中发生情况并分析危险因素，以期制定有效的指导方案和防治措施。方法采用整群随机抽样方法以阜阳颍西和西湖社区≥ 40岁6 000例居民为调查对象，筛查脑卒中高危、中危、低危人群，并对筛选出的高危人群进一步行同型半胱氨酸检测及颈动脉超声检查。结果共筛查5 924例，高危人群共1078例（18.2%），男性高危人群检出率15.9%低于女性高危人群检出率20.2%（P < 0.01），其中高血压、吸烟、运动缺乏是卒中最常见的危险因素（P < 0.01），男性高危人群血脂异常、吸烟率、肥胖/超重暴露率高于女性（P < 0.01）。对1 078例高危人群进一步行同型半胱氨酸及颈动脉彩超筛查，其中颈部血管彩超异常率为25.8%（278/1078），男性血管内膜增厚率及血管狭窄率均高于女性（P < 0.01和P < 0.05）。男性同型半胱氨酸增高率67.2%高于女性的38.1%（P < 0.01）。结论通过社区居民的筛查，了解阜阳市社区居民的主要危险因素，针对性加强防治和干预，可有效控制脑卒中的发病率。

Screening and analysis of the risk factors of stroke in Fuyang community residents

ObjectiveTo investigate the occurrence and risk factors of stroke of community residents in Fuyang city in order to formulate effective guidance programs and prevention and treatment measures.MethodsA cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the population of 6 000 residents ≥ 40 years old in Yingxi and West Lake communities in Fuyang.The high-, medium- and low-risk stroke populations were screened, and the homocysteine level and carotid duplex ultrasound examination in high-risk population were performed.ResultsAmong the 5 924 cases, 1 078 cases were the high-risk population(18.2%), and the detection rate of the male high-risk population(5.9%)was lower than that in female high-risk population(20.2%)(P < 0.01).The hypertension, smoking and exercise insufficiency were the most common risk factors of stroke(P < 0.01), and the rates of dyslipidemia, smoking and obesity/overweight exposure in male high-risk population were higher than those in female high-risk population(P < 0.01).The homocysteine and carotid artery color doppler ultrasound in 1 078 high-risk population were performed, the abnormal rate of cervical blood vessel color doppler ultrasound was 25.8%(278/1 078), and the rates of intimal thickening and vascular stenosis in male were higher than those in female(P < 0.01 and P < 0.05).The increasing rate of homocysteine in male(67.2%)was higher than that in female(38.1%)(P < 0.01).ConclusionsThe main risk factors in community residents can be understood through screening, and the targeted prevention and control and intervention can effectively control the incidence of stroke.