舰船防污涂料的使用需求及研究进展

海洋生物附着导致的生物污损是舰船航行过程中面临的一大难题,涂装防污涂料被认为是防止海洋生物污损舰船最经济有效的方法。根据舰船的服役特点,介绍了舰船防污涂料对于长效性、动静普适性和海域广谱性的使用需求,提出研发环保型长效防污涂料是当前防污损研究领域的一大挑战。简单综述了自抛光型防污涂料、污损释放型防污涂料、仿生型防污涂料、表面自愈型防污涂料以及其他防污新技术的发展,指出自抛光型防污涂料仍是当前稳定批量应用的主流产品,其他新型防污技术的防污期效仍需经过实际应用验证。随着环保要求的日趋严格,防污损机理研究的不断深入以及防污性能评价方法的不断完善,新型环保防污涂料的研制将逐渐加快并得到广泛推广应用。

Research Progress and Usage Requirements of Antifouling Coatings for Ship

Biofouling caused by the attachment of marine organism is a big problem in the process of sailing ships.Painting antifouling coating is considered to be the most economical and effective way to prevent marine organisms from defacing ships.This paper introduced the demands of antifouling coating for ships including the long-term activity,suitability in both static and dynamic seawater,universality in different oceans based on the service characteristics of ships.It is pointed out that developing an environmental friendly antifouling coating with long-term activity is still a challenge in the field of antifouling coatings research.The developments of self-polishing antifouling coating,fouling release antifouling coating,bionic antifouling coating,self-healing antifouling coating and other new antifouling technologies are reviewed.It is concluded that self-polishing antifouling coating is still the mainstream product in the antifouling coating market,and other new antifouling technologies still need to be verified through practical application.With the increasing strictness of environmental protection laws,deeper research of antifouling mechanism and the continuous improvement of the antifouling performance evaluation methods,development of the new type of environment-friendly antifouling coating will be speeded up and get widely used.