三维成球培养优化间充质干细胞的研究进展

间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)源于发育早期的中胚层,因其来源广泛、具有多向分化潜能、低免疫原性和自我更新能力,在组织工程和再生医学应用中显示出巨大的潜力,也是当前基础研究和临床研究中应用最多的一类干细胞。然而,间充质干细胞的临床应用面临许多挑战,比如治疗所需细胞数量巨大,细胞质量存在异质性,细胞体内移植后存活率低,以及二维(two-dimensional,2D)贴壁培养导致间充质干细胞特征衰减等。三维(three-dimensional,3D)成球培养可以更好地模拟体内微环境,且大量的研究证明,3D成球培养增强了间充质干细胞的细胞存活和因子分泌能力,促进了干细胞特征维持、细胞迁移和血管生成,在临床医学领域具有广阔的应用前景。基于此,综述了体外3D成球培养的方法、3D成球培养优化的间充质干细胞的生物学特性及应用,并对3D成球培养未来的研究方向进行展望。

Progress in Optimization of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Three-Dimensional Spheroid Culture

As an important branch of stem cell,mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are derived from the mesoderm at early embryonic development,which have shown great potentials in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications due to their extensive sources,multilineage differentiation potential,low immunogenicity and self-renewal ability.However,MSCs are still confronting challenges in clinical applications due to requirement of large quantity of cells for therapy,heterogeneity of cell quality,low survival ability after transplantation,the attenuation of MSCs characteristics in two-dimensional(2D)culture and ambiguous mechanism of MSCs function for disease therapy.Three-dimensional(3D)spheroid culture is widely regarded as a more preferable and closer physiological microenvironment for cells growth.Studies reported that 3D spheroid culture enhanced the characteristics of MSCs on cell survival,factor secretion,stemness maintenance,migration,anti-senescence in-vitro and enhanced the capacities of anti-inflammatory,angiogenesis,tissue repair and regeneration in-vivo.Therefore,3D culture has broad application prospects in clinical application.In view of this,this article summarized the methods of 3D spheroid culture in vitro,and the spheroid biological characteristics and application briefly.Meanwhile,the prospects in future also have been discussed.