广西元宝山自然保护区黑熊春季觅食生境特征

在广西元宝山自然保护区野外设置了82个20 m×20 m样方，初步分析黑熊春季觅食地生境特征，对16个生态因子进行主成分分析和单因子适合度检验。结果表明：黑熊觅食地生境特征的主要影响因子为水源距离、海拔和灌木密度；次要因子为食物丰富度因子(树径、乔木密度、乔木距离、灌木距离)、地理性因子(坡向、坡位、坡度)、干扰性因子(树桩密度、树桩距离、倒木距离、人为干扰距离)和微生境因子(避风性、郁闭度)。对黑熊的生境喜好程度分析发现：水源丰富、一定海拔、避风性适中、植物茂盛(乔木密度、灌木密度、乔木距离、灌木距离)、坡向向阳、郁闭度好(30 %～80 %)、坡度较大的山嵴和山坡位为其最适生境。由于人类活动增加，干扰因子(树桩密度、树桩距离、倒木距离、人为干扰距离)成为影响黑熊生境选择的重要因素。

Spring foraging habitat character of black bear(Ursus thibetanus) in Guangxi Yuanbaoshan Nature Reserve

From Jan 2009 to March 2009,black bear’s foraging habitat character in Yuanbaoshan Nature Reserve of Guangxi was studied.In fieldwork,we collected 82 samples(20 m×20 m),sixteen ecological factors.Principal components analyses results showed that main factors of black bear foraging habitat characteristics were water distance,elevation,and shrub density;secondary factors were food abundance factor(tree diameter,tree density,tree distance,shrub distance),geographical factors(aspect,slope position,ratio of slope),interference factors(tree stump density,tree stump distance,log distance,human disturbance distance),and micro-habitat factors(shelter of wind,canopy density).Single factor analyses indicated black bear priorities were water richness,certain altitude、moderate shelter of wind、vegetation richness(tree density,shrub density,shrub distance、tree distance),aspect towards sun、canopy density(30 %-80 %),ridge steep slope and optimal slope position habitat.As human activity increase,interference factors(tree stump density,tree stump distance,log distance,distance to human disturbance) were important factors which influence black bear habitat selection.Our conclusion provide important information for Nature Reserve and forest management department.