高纯石英砂资源及加工技术分析

高纯石英砂是微电子、光纤通信、航空航天等高新技术产业的基础原材料，战略地位非常重要。目前，制备高纯石英砂主要通过化学合成、天然水晶加工及石英矿物深度提纯。其中，通过化学合成和天然水晶加工的制备方法受原料、成本、产量等方面的制约，难以大规模工业应用；因此，通过石英矿物制备高纯石英砂的加工技术将是未来的主要研究方向。然而，我国对以石英矿物为原料制备高纯石英砂的相关研究起步晚、研究少，技术被欧美发达国家长期垄断，市场大量依靠进口。从原料分析出发，对比了用于制备高纯石英砂的石英原矿的矿物特性，得出花岗伟晶岩和脉石英是制备高纯石英砂的最理想原料。系统分析了石英原矿中的伴生脉石矿物类型以及Al、Fe、Ca、K等常见杂质元素的存在形式和附存状态，并着重分析了晶格杂质和包裹体杂质的晶体构型，指出了晶格杂质难以脱除是制约高纯石英砂品质的主要原因。从矿物加工专业角度，并依据不同的加工目的将现行的高纯石英砂加工技术分成4个大类，对各类生产工艺状况进行了详细的分析概括，指出了现行工艺技术的不足以及与国际先进技术水平间的差距。在此基础上提出，目前高纯石英砂生产和研究中存在的问题及未来的研究方向，为今后相关研究提供理论指导。

Analysis of High-purity Quartz Sand Resources and It’s Processing Technologies

High-purity quartz sand is the basic raw material for high-tech industries such as microelectronics， optical fiber communication， and aerospace， having an important strategic position in the development of the national economy. At present， the preparation of high-purity quartz sand can be through chemical synthesis， natural crystal processing and deep purification of quartz minerals. Among them， the preparation method by chemical synthesis and natural crystal processing is restricted by raw materials， cost， yield， and so on， which are difficult to be industrially applied in large scale.Therefore， preparing high-purity quartz sand through quartz mineralswill be the main research direction in the future. However， the related researches in China were started late and insufficient. The technologies were monopolized by developed countries for a long time. So，the high-purity quartz sand market ofour country is heavily dependent on imports. Based on the analysis of raw materials， this paper compares the mineral properties of different quartz ores used to prepare high-purity quartz sand are comprehensively compared. It is concluded that granitic pegmatite and vein quartz are the most ideal raw materials for the preparation of pure quartz sand. The types of accompanying gangues and the existing and attached states of common impurity elements such as Al，Fe，Ca and K in quartz minerals are systematically analyzed，especially the lattice impurities and inclusion impurities. It is pointed out that the lattice impurities difficult to be removedis the main factor restricting the quality of high purity quartz sand.From the perspective of mineral processing， the current high-purity quartz sand processing technologiesare divided into four categories according to the different processing purposes.Moreover，the production process status are summarized andanalysised in detail， which highlights the shortcomings of current craftsmanship and the gap with international advanced technology.On this basis， the problems existing in the production and the future research directions of high-purity quartz sandare proposed， which provide some theoretical guidance for the related research in the future.