High-definition Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopic Imaging of Human Tissue Sections towards Improving Pathology |
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Authors: | Hari Sreedhar Vishal K Varma Peter L Nguyen Bennett Davidson Sanjeev Akkina Grace Guzman Suman Setty Andre Kajdacsy-Balla Michael J Walsh |
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Affiliation: | 1Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago;2Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago;3Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago;4Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago;5Department of Nephrology, University of Illinois at Chicago |
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Abstract: | High-definition Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic imaging is an emerging approach to obtain detailed images that have associated biochemical information. FT-IR imaging of tissue is based on the principle that different regions of the mid-infrared are absorbed by different chemical bonds (e.g., C=O, C-H, N-H) within cells or tissue that can then be related to the presence and composition of biomolecules (e.g., lipids, DNA, glycogen, protein, collagen). In an FT-IR image, every pixel within the image comprises an entire Infrared (IR) spectrum that can give information on the biochemical status of the cells that can then be exploited for cell-type or disease-type classification. In this paper, we show: how to obtain IR images from human tissues using an FT-IR system, how to modify existing instrumentation to allow for high-definition imaging capabilities, and how to visualize FT-IR images. We then present some applications of FT-IR for pathology using the liver and kidney as examples. FT-IR imaging holds exciting applications in providing a novel route to obtain biochemical information from cells and tissue in an entirely label-free non-perturbing route towards giving new insight into biomolecular changes as part of disease processes. Additionally, this biochemical information can potentially allow for objective and automated analysis of certain aspects of disease diagnosis. |
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Keywords: | Medicine Issue 95 Spectroscopy Imaging Fourier Transform Pathology Cancer Liver Kidney Hyperspectral Biopsy Infrared Optics Tissue |
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