考虑充电站吸引力的EV充电负荷时空分布模拟

电动汽车(electricvehicle,EV)充电负荷时空分布的随机性给电力系统的规划与运行带来了挑战。针对该问题,文章提出考虑充电站吸引力与交通耗时指数的EV充电负荷时空分布模拟方法。首先建立充电站吸引力模型,用以描述用户选择充电站的规律;其次对传统起点–终点(origin destination,OD)矩阵进行修正,用以描述EV的行驶和分布规律;提出交通耗时指数概念,量化用户的行驶耗时;进而使得充电站吸引力模型能够充分计及各种时空因素,通过模拟EV的行驶路径及荷电状态并结合充电站吸引力计算单体EV的充电负荷时空分布矩阵,进一步通过蒙特卡洛模拟推广至群体EV;最后以某典型城区为例,对比分析出租车和私家车的充电负荷形态及充电站吸引力和交通状况对充电负荷的影响,验证了文章所提模型和方法的正确性和有效性。

Temporal and Spatial Distribution Simulation of EV Charging Load Considering Charging Station Attractiveness

The charging load randomness of the temporal and spatial distribution of electric vehicles(EV) poses a challenge to the planning and operation of the power system. Aiming at this problem, a simulation method of the temporal and spatial distribution of EV charging load considering the charging station attractiveness and the traffic time-consuming index is proposed. Firstly, the charging station attractiveness model is constructed to describe the users’ regularity of selecting the charging stations. Secondly, the traditional OD matrix is modified so that it can be used to describe the driving and distribution rules of the EVs. Thirdly, the concept of time-consuming index is proposed to quantify the driving time consumed. Then, the charging station attractiveness model will take full account of the various space-time factors. By simulating the EV state of charge and driving paths and combining the charging station attractiveness, the temporal and spatial distribution matrix of the charging load of a single EV is calculated, which is further extended to the EV groups with the Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, taking a typical urban area as an example, the charging load patterns of taxis and private EVs and the impact of the attraction of charging stations and the traffic situations on the charging loads are compared and analyzed, which verifies the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed model and method.