基于碳平衡的中国海洋渔业产业发展对策探析

低碳是海洋生态文明建设的重要特征之一,海洋渔业碳平衡是转变传统海洋经济发展方式,促进海洋生态健康发展的有效途径。限定和分析了海洋捕捞渔业碳排放与海水贝藻养殖碳汇内容及核算方法,并综合两部分内容整体探讨中国海洋渔业碳平衡状态,利用2010年和2014年数据进行了区域特征分析,结果显示,现阶段我国相关沿海省份海洋渔业处于碳赤字状态,浙江省的碳赤字规模最大;2007-2014年海洋渔业碳平衡状态长期趋势拟合结果显示,我国海洋渔业碳赤字特征正在以平均每年1.58万t的规模缩小。最后,从渔船装备升级与节能技术产品应用、调整海洋捕捞渔业生产结构和提高海水贝藻养殖碳汇角度提出对策建议,以期尽快实现海洋渔业碳平衡。

Development Strategy of Marine Fisheries in China Based on the Carbon Balance

Low carbon is one of the important characteristics of marine ecological civilization construction, carbon balance of marine fisheries is an effective way to change the traditional mode of developing ocean economy, and to promote the healthy development of marine ecosystem. The paper defined and analyzed the contents of the carbon emissions from marine capture fisheries and carbon sinks of marine shellfish and algae farming, and its calculation methods, then integrated these 2 angles to explore carbon balance status of marine fisheries in China using the statistics data in 2010 and 2014. The regional characteristics analysis showed that marine fisheries of related coastal provinces were carbon deficit at this stage, and Zhejiang Province took the largest scale in carbon deficit. Fitting the long-term trend of marine fisheries carbon balance status from 2007 to 2014, the results indicated that carbon deficit of marine fisheries was shrinking by the size of average annual 1.58×104 t. Finally, the paper put forward suggestions as upgrading fishing equipment, applying energy saving products, adjusting the structure of marine capture fisheries, and improving marine shellfish and algae farming carbon sinks to realize the carbon balance of marine fisheries as soon as possible.