梯度功能材料研究的一些进展

综述了近年来梯度功能材料(FGM)在优化设计、制备、性能评价以及应用方面的最新研究进展，并对其中的热点问题作了系统阐述。对于热应力缓和型FGM，其优化设计的关键环节是准确分析残余热应力的大小和分布。液相法制备FGM以其低成本、操作简单的优势将会获得更大的发展。对FGM的性能测试要尽可能模拟实际使用环境下载荷的不均匀分布。梯度功能热障涂层是FGM的重要应用之一，它与传统的热障涂层相比可明显提高耐久性。此外，还介绍了FGM在面向等离子体护墙材料以及生物材料上的应用。

Review of Some Research Progress of Functionally Graded Materials

The new development of functionally graded materials (FGM) including optimum design,preparation,performance evaluation and applications was summarized,particular attention was focused on the hot issues of FGM.The key to the optimum designing thermal stresses relaxing FGM is accurately to determine the magnitude and distribution of the residual thermal stress.To prepare FGMs by liquid phase methods is very promising due to the low cost and simple operation.The property test should simulate the inhomogeneous distribution of practical loads as far as possible,and some testing systems have been proposed based on different heat sources.One of the important applications of FGMs is the functionally graded thermal barrier coating(TBC),which may markedly improve the durability compared with those conventional ones.The applications of FGMs in plasma facing materials and biomaterials were also introduced.