极端天气下大型中线法尾矿库调洪演算技术研究与应用

随着我国矿山开采规模的不断扩大和矿石处理量的逐步提高,作为选矿尾砂存储主要构筑物的尾矿库已逐步趋向大型化。然而,这些大型尾矿库由于堆积坝高、汇水面积大、尾矿堆存量大,汛期容易造成漫顶甚至溃坝事故,造成不可挽回的后果。为此,针对大型中线法尾矿库,在汛前多次进行调洪演算,动态分析判断当前库容是否满足汛期来洪需求,并在必要时采取工程措施,是有效防止洪水漫顶的一种重要对策方法。本文针对大型中线法筑坝尾矿库在极端天气下的调洪需求,采用公式推理法和水量平衡法,以德兴铜矿4#尾矿库为典型案例,依据尾矿库的实际运行状态数据,研究极端天气下尾矿库的调洪演算方法,并据此分析计算了尾矿库当前状态在遭遇5000年一遇洪水时的库水位变化过程,分别采用经验公式法和物模试验法获得下泄流量。通过对调洪结果进行对比分析,建立了适合大型中线法筑坝尾矿库的调洪演算技术体系。在德兴铜矿4#尾矿库的应用结果表明,本研究成果可满足大型中线法尾矿库的动态调洪需求,也可为我国大型尾矿库在极端天气下的有效调洪提供有益参考。

Research and Appliance on Flood Regulation Calculation of Large Central-Line Damming Tailings Pond under Extreme Weather

With the continuous expansion of mining scale and the gradual increase of ore treatment, the tailings pond, as the main structure for dressing tailings storage, has gradually become larger. However, due to the high accumulation dam, large catchment area and large tailing stock, these large tailings ponds are easy to cause overtopping and even dam breaking accidents in flood season, resulting in irreversible consequences. For this reason, carrying out flood control calculation for many times before flood season, analyzing dynamically and judging whether the current storage capacity meets the flood demand in flood season, and thus taking engineering measures when necessary, is an important countermeasure method to effectively prevent the overflow of flood in large central-line tailings pond. Based on the flood regulating requirements of large central-line tailings pond in extreme weather, 4# tailings pond in Dexing Copper Mine was used as a typical case, using the formula reasoning method and the water balance method, method for flood regulation calculation of tailings pond under extreme weather are studied, the changing process of the tailings pond water level when the flood hazard occurred in 5000 years is calculated, The discharge rate was obtained by empirical formula method and material model test method respectively. By comparing and analyzing the flood control results, a flood control technical system suitable for the large central-line damming tailings pond is established. The application results of 4# tailings pond in Dexing Copper Mine show that the research results can meet the dynamic flood control requirements of large central -line tailing ponds, and also provide useful reference for the effective flood control of large tailing ponds in extreme weather in China.