新疆1949—2019年洪水灾害调查与特征分析

洪水灾害是新疆最严重的自然灾害，调查并研究洪水灾害的特征与规律对防洪减灾有重要意义。本文通过调查新疆洪水灾害相关的年鉴、公报、简报及文献资料等，统计分析了新疆1949-2019年近71年主要洪水灾害，给出了洪水灾害的时间及地域分布规律、灾害类型特征。对洪水灾害造成的直接经济损失及占国民生产总值的比例进行了统计分析，并重点对2006年以后的受灾人口与死亡人口、直接经济损失进行了分析。结果表明，虽然洪水频次与洪灾直接经济损失有增加趋势，但因灾死亡人口及直接经济损失所占GDP比重不断减少，并趋于平稳，防洪减灾效益明显。本文研究为新疆洪水灾害风险评估、防御应对与决策支持提供了借鉴参考。

Flood disaster investigation and characteristic analysis in Xinjiang from 1949 to 2019

Flood disaster is the most serious natural disaster in Xinjiang. It is of very significance to investigate and study the characteristics and laws of flood disaster for flood control and disaster reduction. In this paper,the main flood disasters in recent 71 years in Xinjiang from 1949 to 2019 are investigated and analyzed, through the inquiry of documents, yearbooks, bulletins, brief reports and other materials related to flood disasters in Xinjiang. The spatial and temporal distribution,types and main characteristics of disasters are analyzed. The direct economic loss caused by flood disaster and its proportion in GDP are analyzed, especially the affected population, death toll and direct economic loss after 2006. The results show that although the frequency of flood and the direct economic loss of flood are increasing, the death toll and the proportion of direct economic loss in GDP are decreasing, and tend to be stable, due to the efforts of flood control and disaster reduction. It provides reference for flood risk assessment, defense response and decision support in Xinjiang.