氮肥配施纳米镁对水稻产量、品质和氮肥利用率的影响

以水稻品种南粳9108为试验对象,于2019-2020年在扬州大学校内试验基地采用盆栽试验研究纳米镁（12kg Mg/hm²）在0、225、270、315kg N/hm²条件下对水稻的产量、稻米品质及氮素利用率的影响。结果表明,纳米镁的施用能有效提高产量和氮肥利用率。相同氮肥施用水平下,施用纳米镁处理的水稻产量均高于不施镁处理,2年籽粒产量分别提高2.85%~8.86%和5.22%~7.16%,单位面积穗数和穗粒数显著提高。与不施镁处理相比,施用纳米镁处理的氮肥利用率提高了4.18%~5.97%,稻米品质也有一定改善。施用纳米镁处理的稻米整精米率和蛋白质含量分别提高了3.51%和6.26%,垩白粒率、垩白度和直链淀粉含量分别降低了2.45%、2.40%和4.30%,胶稠度变化不明显。与不施镁处理相比,施用纳米镁处理的稻米食味值、峰值黏度、热浆黏度和崩解值分别提高了0.79%、1.35%、1.64%和0.48%,最终黏度降低了0.66%,但均未达到显著差异。兼顾产量和稻米品质,在225~270kg/hm²的施氮量下,施用纳米镁有利于实现水稻的高产高效优质栽培。

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined with Nano-Magnesium on Rice Yield,Grain Quality and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

With rice variety Nanjing 9108 as experimental material, the effects of nano-Mg (12kg Mg/ha) on rice yield, grain quality and nitrogen use efficiency under four N fertilizer application rates (0, 225, 270, and 315kg N/ha) using pot-soil experiment in 2019 and 2020 on the farm of Yangzhou University. The results showed that there were remarkable increases in rice yield and N use efficiency after exogenously applying nano-Mg. Under the same N rate, the rice yields were 2.85%-8.86% and 5.22%-7.16% higher in nano-Mg treatments than in those treatments without exogenously magnesium in two years. The panicle number and spikelets per panicle were significant increased. Rice quality was enhanced in nano-Mg treatments, with nitrogen utilisation efficiency rising by 4.18% to 5.97%. In nano-Mg treatments, the head rice rate and protein content both increased by 3.51% and 6.26%, respectively, while the chalkiness grain rate, chalkiness degree, and amylose content all decreased by 2.45%, 2.40%, and 4.30%, respectively, the glue consistency change was not obvious. Compared with the treatments without nano-Mg, the taste value, peak viscosity, hot slurry viscosity and break down value increased by 0.79%, 1.35%, 1.64% and 0.48%, respectively, and the final viscosity decreased by 0.66%, without reaching a significant difference. Considering both yield and quality, the application of nano-Mg is beneficial to the high yield and high quality cultivation of rice at 225-270kg/ha N fertilizer application rate.