优士丁尼《法学阶梯》中的希腊哲学

民法中的哲学不同于民法哲学,前者是对民法中包含的哲学范畴及其对民法的影响的探讨,后者是对民法中的元问题的探讨。罗马私法采用了众多的希腊哲学概念,尤其采用了斯多亚哲学的概念,通过这样的采用,罗马法实现了自己的理论化、原则化、体系化、人道化。这样的采用部分体现在优士丁尼《法学阶梯》对于11个问题的规定中,它们是本文的研究对象。罗马私法和希腊哲学的结合导致了法理学在民法学体内的产生,到了17世纪,法理学才脱离民法学获得独立,但此等法理学带上了私法哲学的胎记,不同于当下流行的发源于政治学中国家理论的公法性法理学。

The Greek Philosophy in Justinian's Institutes

The philosophy in civil law is different from the philosophy of civil law. The former is a discussion to the philosophical categories contained in civil law and its influence on civil law. The latter is a discussion to the meta-questions in civil law. The Roman private law adopted many concepts of Greek philosophy, especially the concept of Stoic philosophy. Through such adoption, the Roman law realized its own theorization, generalization, systemization and humanization. This adoption is partly reflected in the provisions of Justinian’s Institutes on the 11 issues, which are the research objects of this paper. The combination of Roman private law and Greek philosophy led to the emergence of jurisprudence inside the science of civil law. Till to the 17 th century, jurisprudence gained its independence from the science of civil law, but this jurisprudence brought its birthmark as the philosophy of private law, which is different from the current popular jurisprudence with a characteristic of public law, that originates from the theory of state of political science.