现代炼铁技术进展

评述了国际上发展较快的几种主要非高炉炼铁工艺流程.COREX、FINEX和HISMELT等熔融还原流程可以避免炼焦工艺引发的环境污染.成熟的竖炉气基还原工艺是COREX流程工业化的重要保障,粉体流化床由于粘结等问题尚未完全解决和铁浴炉二次燃烧与炉衬侵蚀之间的固有矛盾注定了FINEX和HISMELT实现的难度远高于COREX流程.气基还原流程(MIDREX、HYL-Ⅲ、FINMET)目前都要使用天然气资源,很难在我国得到发展.转底炉可使用低强度的含碳球团,给煤基直接还原流程注入新的活力,但其能耗高、生产效率低、产品质量差将会制约它的发展.我国自主研发的炼铁新工艺,即低温快速还原工艺,目前仍处于研究开发阶段,它能够实现低温快速还原反应,是一种能耗低、污染少、资源利用率高的新型绿色冶金工艺流程,具有良好的发展前景.

Progress in Modern Ironmaking Process

The leading smelting reduction and direct reduction processes were reviewed.The COREX,FINEX and HISMELT processes could eliminate the pollution from coking plant due to coke-needless operation.The industrialized COREX process is owing to the mature technology of shaft furnace gas-based direct reduction.The industrialization of FINEX and HISMELT is more difficult than that of COREX,considering the powder sticking in the fluidized bed and the conflict between secondary combustion and the lining corrosion in the iron bath furnace.The gas-based direct reduction(MIDREX,HYL-III,FINMET,et al) couldn't develop well in China because of the shortage of natural gas.The rotary hearth furnace(RHF) can use the low strength composite pellets.However,high power consumption,low productivity and low quality of the production are its disadvantages.A promising technology of ironmaking with fast reduction speed at low temperature was introduced,which has the advantages of low power consumption,environment-friendly,high productivity,low reduction temperature.