山东省霾日时空变化特征及其与气候要素的关系

 利用山东省70个台站1961-2005年地面气象观测资料，运用EOF等统计方法，对山东省45 a来霾日数时空变化的气候特征进行了诊断分析。结果表明：山东省年平均霾日空间分布呈现鲁中、鲁南的部分地区多，鲁北、半岛大部地区少的特点。霾主要发生在秋冬季。过去45 a，山东省霾日数总体具有较强的上升趋势，2000年后略下降；霾天气发生时能见度主要在5～10 km，相对湿度主要为70%～90%；霾日数的变化与气温成正比，与降水量、风速呈反比。

Spatial-Temporal Variations of Hazes in Shandong Province and Its Relationship with Climate Elements

The characteristics of spatial-temporal variations of hazes in Shandong Province were analyzed by using the surface observation data from 1961 to 2005 and employing the EOF method as well as other statistical methods. The results indicate that the average annual haze days was higher in the middle and south of Shandong Province and lower in the north of Shandong Province and most of the Shandong Peninsula. Hazes mainly occurred in autumn and winter. Hazes showed a generally rising trend over the past 45 years, but a slightly falling trend after 2000. The inter-annual variation of hazes was obvious. When a haze occurred, the visibility mostly ranged from 5 to 10 km, and the relative humidity ranged from 70% to 90%. The day number of hazes was proportional to temperature, but inversely proportional to wind speed.