关于核电规模发展的几点看法

规模发展核电已成为中国实现能源可持续供应的重大战略选择。我国核电事业发展势头强劲,截至2010年9月底,已投产核电容量1000×104kW,在建共计25台机组。从厂址、大型设备供应能力和燃料供应的角度来看,我国已初步具备了在未来10年间建设1×108kW左右核电站的基本条件,但还需要解决许多带有挑战性的问题。美国在三哩岛事件后,将核电发展的重点转移到对现有机组的持续改进上。法国经过20多年的努力,实现了核电的规模发展,在成熟技术的基础上持续改进,使核电的安全性、经济性不断得以提高。作为核电的后起之秀,韩国至今已建成20台核电机组,提供了全国电力的40%,并增强了自主创新能力。从国外核电发展历程可以看出,影响核电规模发展最关键的因素是安全性和经济性。我国应进一步强化国家核安全机构的严格监管,严格遴选和培养优秀的核电工程技术人员,减少人为失误;为继续保持核电的经济竞争力,亟须加快核电装备高端制造技术自主化的步伐,加快培育有竞争力的核岛设备成套供应商,促成科研院所与制造集团的"纵向整合";同步推进二代压水堆的持续改进和三代压水堆的工程验证;鼓励核电企业参与抽水蓄能电站的建设和经营;同时应着手研究面向未来的革新型反应堆。

Suggestions on Massive Development of Nuclear Power

Developing nuclear power on a large scale is one of China＇s key strategic options to sustain its energy supply.China＇s nuclear power industry has been growing very fast.At the end of September 2010,China＇s installed nuclear generating capacity reached 1000 ×104kW and 25 nuclear generators were under construction.Given the availability of sites and its ability to supply heavy-duty equipment and secure fuel supplies,China has the basic conditions needed for building some 1 ×108kW of nuclear power stations in the next 10 years although there＇re still many challenges to overcome down the road.After the Three Mile Island accident,the United States shifted its focus in developing nuclear power to the continuous improvement of the existing generating sets.After 20 years of growth,France＇s nuclear power industry has achieved development of scale.By continuously improving its proven technologies,France has considerably enhanced the reliability and economics of its nuclear power business.Although it started off relatively late,South Korea has established 20 nuclear power generators,which supply 40% of the country＇s electricity output.South Korea＇s innovation capability has also improved.As can be seen from the nuclear power development histories of foreign countries,the most important factors affecting the large-scale development of nuclear power are reliability and economics.China should strengthen the regulatory functions of its national nuclear security authorities and carefully select and cultivate nuclear power talents to reduce human errors.In order to sustain the economic competitiveness of nuclear power,China badly needs to accelerate the development of advanced expertise for manufacturing nuclear power equipment and the cultivation of competitive suppliers of packaged nuclear island equipment and promote the vertical integration of research institutes and manufacturing enterprises.China should also push the continuous improvement of second-generation pressurized water reactors and the engineering demonstration of third-generation pressurized water reactors,encourage nuclear power producers to take part in the construction and operation of pumped storage power stations,and start the research of innovative reactors suiting future needs.