光学相控阵技术发展概述

截至目前，光学相控阵技术已经发展了70多年，针对不同的应用方向，发展出了液晶、MEMS、光波导、相干合成等多种器件和技术方案，在激光雷达、空间光通信、高亮度激光产生、合成孔径探测等应用领域获得了初步应用。光学相控阵技术通过对光束阵列中单元光束相位的控制，从而实现阵列光束等相面的重构或精密调控，具有系统体积质量小、响应速度快、光束质量好等优点。首先介绍了光学相控阵的工作原理，然后从激光发射和远距离成像两方面对几种主流相控阵技术的发展现状、应用方向及发展趋势进行了综述，最后给出了笔者的一些思考与建议。

Review of optical phased array techniques

Up to now, optical phased array (OPA) technology has been developed for more than 70 years. According to different applications, a variety of devices and techniques have been developed, such as liquid crystal, MEMS, optical waveguide, coherent beam combination and so on. Optical phased array technology has been applied in laser radar, space optical communication, high brightness laser generation, synthetic aperture detection and other application fields. By controlling the phase of sub-beam in the beam array, the phase plane of the array beam can be reconstructed and accurately controlled with the optical phased array technology, which has the advantages of small volume and weight, fast response speed and good beam quality. In this paper, the principle of optical phased array was firstly introduced. Secondly, the development status, application areas and development trend of several main techniques were reviewed from two aspects of laser emission and long-distance imaging. Finally, some thoughts and suggestions were given.