全新世以来西辽河流域聚落环境选择与人地关系

通过聚落环境选择重审全新世以来西辽河流域人地关系,并提出重点环境整治地区是本文的研究重点。通过对全新世以来西辽河流域三次农业垦殖过程的研究,提出流域内聚落环境选择存在首选地与次属地的区别,从高程与地貌两项因素来看,400~600m等高区的坡地属于首选地,这里不仅是历次农业垦殖期人口主要迁入地,也是人类活动持续期较长的地带;400~600m等高区以外的区域多属次属地,二次移民是次属地农业垦殖的开端,这样的人口迁移现象在清代光绪年间后最为突出。西辽河流域的农业垦殖是以草地转为农田为主的环境变化过程,由于首选地与次属地之间的环境差异,次属地的农业开垦对环境带来的扰动更大,这里不仅成为环境问题的焦点,也是需要进行环境整治的重点地区。

Location and environment of the settlements and man-land relationship in West Liaohe River Basin since Holocene

This paper reconsiders the man-land relationship in West Liaohe River Basin through the analysis of settlements' environment and takes the key district of ecologically fragile area,where the improvement of the environment is urgently needed,as the focus of the study.Based on the research of three agricultural reclamation periods in West Liaohe River Basin since Holocene,the paper brought forward that the location of the settlement can be classified as the first choice and the territoriality.Because of the fragile environment in West Liaohe River Basin,there exist not only the environmental differences but also a total different characteristics of the first choice and the territoriality.In the two aspects of height and topography,sloping field of 400-600 m contour is the first choice.It is not only the main immigratory area in each agricultural reclamation period,but also the area with a longer duration of human activity.Region outside 400-600 m contour area belongs to territoriality.Secondary migration is a most important step of compromising the man-land relationship.It is also the beginning of agriculture and planting in territoriality.Moving out of the first choice and moving into the territoriality as the secondary immigration have been through all previous agriculture reclamations in West Liaohe River Basin,which is most prominent during the reign of Emperor Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty.Agricultural reclamation in West Liaohe River Basin was a main process of the environmental change from grassland to farmland.Because of the environment differences between the immigrants' first choice and territoriality,agricultural reclamation in territoriality would bring a more serious disturbance to the environment,thus,this kind of area is not only the focus of environmental issues,but also the key district where the improvement of the environment is urgently needed.