超临界CO2提取葛缕子精油及其成分分析

目的:优化葛缕子精油的提取工艺并对其成分进行分析。方法:以葛缕子籽粒为原料,采用超临界CO₂技术提取葛缕子精油,并通过气相色谱—质谱(GC-MS)对精油挥发性成分进行分析。结果:超临界CO₂提取葛缕子精油的最佳工艺条件为提取釜温度50℃,分离釜温度40℃,提取釜压力30 MPa,分离釜压力0.4 MPa,二氧化碳流速20 g/min,提取时间90 min,此条件下精油得率为4.79%。与同时蒸馏萃取(SDE)法相比,超临界CO₂流体能快速扩散到样品颗粒内部并充分溶解其中的精油成分,具有提取时间短、得率高、无溶剂残留的优点。超临界CO₂法制备的葛缕子精油中,主要成分为D-柠檬烯(50.96%)和香芹酮(46.65%),挥发性成分种类及含量均高于同时蒸馏萃取法的。结论:超临界CO₂法比同时蒸馏萃取法更适合葛缕子精油的提取。

Extraction of Carum carvi L.essential oil by supercritical carbon dioxide and its composition analysis

Objective:Optimized extraction technology of Carum carvi L.essential oil and analyzed the volatile components.Methods:Supercritical carbon dioxide was used to extract essential oil from Carum carvi L.seeds and the volatile components of essential oil were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Results:The suitable extraction conditions of supercritical carbon dioxide were:temperature of extraction kettle 50℃,temperature of separation kettle 40℃,pressure of extraction kettle 30 MPa,pressure of separation kettle 0.4 MPa,flow rate of carbon dioxide 20 g/min,extraction time 90 min,extraction yield of essential oil was 4.79%.Compared with simultaneous distillation extraction(SDE),supercritical carbon dioxide required less time and had higher extraction yield by diffusing into the sample particles quickly and dissolving the essential oil components fully without solvent residue.D-limonene(50.96%)and carvone(46.65%)were the main components of the essential oil extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide,and the type and relative content of volatile compounds were both higher than the essential oil obtained by SDE.Conclusion:Compared with SDE,the supercritical carbon dioxide was more suitable for the extraction of Carum carvi L.essential oil.