基于GIS和Fragstats的土地生态质量综合评价——以湖北省仙桃市为例

借助GIS和Fragstats的分析技术,结合土地利用类型数据,从土地生态系统的景观特征、生境质量的抗干扰能力和社会经济效益3个方面构建土地生态质量综合评价研究模型,采用改进熵权法确定其指标权重。以湖北仙桃为例,探究其三者的空间演变关系,并在此基础上对其土地生态质量进行综合评价。结果表明:(1)仙桃市土地生态质量整体水平偏低,且呈现出中间高,两侧低,且西翼高于东翼的空间分异特征。其中危险、临界安全、较安全和安全各等级,分别占总面积的21.52%、43.48%、27.10%和7.90%。(2)安全区主要分布在经济、政策优势最凸出及景观格局整体规划较好的中北部中心城区。在此区域景观特征、生境质量的抗干扰能力和社会经济效益之间呈现相互增益的协同发展态势。(3)较安全和临界安全区则主要集中分布在土地景观格局较好,开发程度较低的西翼地区。危险区则主要分布在生境质量抗干扰能力水平低的东翼地区。在东西两翼内景观特征、生境质量的抗干扰能力和社会经济效益之间的协同性较差,且两两之间的发展矛盾凸出。研究结果可为仙桃市全域土地综合整治项目的实施提供理论支持和其他类似地区提供案例参考。

Comprehensive evaluation on land ecological quality based on GIS and Fragstats: a case study in Xiantao City, Hubei Province

By using GIS and Fragstats as analytical technology, this research intends to construct a comprehensive evaluation model of the ecological quality of land. Three factors were chosen in Xiantao case, including landscape pattern properties of land ecosystem, the anti-interference ability of habitat quality, and socioeconomic benefits, for further exploration of the spatial relation changes among the three factors. Besides, the improved entropy was used as an indicator for weight. It concluded that: (1) the level of overall land ecological security quality in Xiantao City was low and its interior showed a higher altitude than the other two sides, with the east wing descending to the west. The four safety grades, from the dangerous, the critical safety, and the sub-safe to the safe accounted for 21.52%, 43.48%, 27.10%, and 7.90% of the total area, respectively. (2) The safe zone was mainly distributed in the central urban areas of the central north where there was a synergistic development among landscape properties, the anti-interference ability of the habitat quality and socioeconomic. A prominent advantage in economy and policy in this area accounted for such a trend. (3) The comparatively safe and the critical point to the safe was mainly located in the west wing with better land landscape pattern and lower development level, and in the east wing was located the dangerous zones with a lower level of the anti-interference ability of habitat quality. It was reported that the east and the west showed a poor co-development in landscape properties, the anti-interference ability of the habitat quality and socioeconomic benefits. More depressingly still, a sharp contradiction did exist between the development of each two. Generally the above-mentioned results could provide a theoretical support for comprehensive land management in Xiantao City and could serve for other similar areas as well.