广东口岸2010-2011年入境人员疟疾监测现状及对策分析

目的 分析经广东出入境检验检疫局所辖旅检口岸(简称广东口岸)入境输入性疟疾患者的流行病学特征,研究其罹患因素,探讨如何完善口岸疟疾防控措施.方法 对2010-2011年间在广东口岸发现的输入性疟疾患者进行流行病学分析,并针对其主要特征探讨相应的防控措施.结果 2010-2011年广东口岸共发现40名输入性疟疾病例(其中37名为恶性疟,3名为间日疟)；非洲地区是主要的输入性疟疾疫情疫源地；中国籍赴非洲归国劳务人员成为最主要的输入性疟疾病例来源；绝大多数输入性疟疾患者均乘坐飞机入境；入境时间主要为2010年6～9月和2010年11月～2011年2月:入境时主要症状为头痛、畏寒、眼结膜充血、咽部充血；主要罹患因素包括广泛存在的疟疾疫情、恶劣的环境、蚊虫叮咬、患者缺乏疟疾自我防护常识等.结论 全球多个地区尤其是非洲地区疟疾疫情形势仍然严峻,在外生活时间较长的赴外归国劳务人员等较易感染疟疾,加之我国境内疟疾传播媒介孳生,易感者数量庞大,高发的输入性疟疾疫情对我国的威胁巨大,检验检疫、卫生、商务、外事、劳务等部门应通力合作,采取积极主动的境外控制和境内监管措施,以达到保护人民身体健康、阻断疫情跨境传播,最终在中国消除疟疾的目标.

The analysis of surveillance status and prevention measures on imported malaria cases at Guangdong Ports, 2010- 2011

Objective To analyze the epidemiological factors of imported malaria cases who entered china through the ports under the surveillance of Guangdong Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau （Guangdong ports for short）, investigate the susceptible factors to malaria of these travelers and discuss how to strengthen the prevention and control measures. Methods All the imported malaria cases founded at Guangdong ports in 2010-2011 were taken into epidemiology analysis, and the prevention and control measures were investigated according to their main epidemiological characters. Results There were 40 imported malaria cases founded at Guangdong ports in 2010-2011 （ 37 malignant malaria cases and 3 tertian malaria cases）. Africa was the most important source district and the Chinese labor workers worked in Africa were the foremost susceptible crowd. Most of the imported malaria cases came to China by taking air plane and mainly during June to September and November to February. Their main symptoms when they entered Guangdong ports were headache, chills, conjunetiva hyperemia and throat congestion. The susceptible factors of malaria were the abominable environment, the mosquito bite, the lack of self-prevention knowledge of malaria and so on. Conclusions Travelers especially the labor workers who worked and lived in Africa with an abominable environment for a few years were susceptible to catch malaria. Because there are huge number of malaria vectors and susceptible crowd in our country, the threat of imported malaria are gradually increased, so Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau should work hard with other departments （such as the ministry of health, the department of commerce, the foreign affairs department and the labor intermediary services） and take those factors described above into account to strengthen effective imported malaria control measures at abroad and inside China to prevent the travelers＇ health and control the spread of imported malaria, achieve the final target to eliminate malaria in China.