北京市中学生骑车违规行为现状及其影响因素分析

目的了解北京市中学生骑车违规行为现状及其影响因素,为制定减少中学生骑车违规行为的干预措施提供科学依据。方法 2014年3-5月采用分层整群随机抽样方法,对北京市16个区县的32 810名中学生进行自填式健康危险行为问卷调查。采用两步聚类法将有骑车违规行为的研究对象分为4类风险等级组。采用多因素Logistic回归法分析风险4级与人口统计学特征、其它非故意伤害行为的关联强度。结果北京市中学生骑车率为80.0%,其中,37.2%的人报告有骑车违规行为。男生的各项违规行为报告率均高于女生(P<0.05);高中生与初中生骑车违规报告率差异无统计学意义(P=0.626);农村学生高于城市学生(P<0.05);母亲文化程度越低,学生骑车违规报告率越高;单亲、重组和隔代家庭学生的骑车违规报告率高于核心和大家庭的学生;有其它非故意伤害行为学生的各项违规行为报告率均高于无此类行为的学生(P<0.05)。男生、高中生和重组家庭学生分别比女生、初中生和其它类型家庭的学生更易出现风险等级较高(3、4级)的违规行为;农村学生不同风险等级(1、3、4级)违规行为的报告率普遍高于城市学生;母亲文化程度为高中/技校/中专的学生风险4级违规行为报告率最高;有其它非故意伤害行为学生的风险4级违规行为报告率均高于无此类行为的学生(P<0.05)。Logistic回归结果显示,男生(OR=2.75,95%CI:2.51～3.01)、农村(OR=1.41,95%CI:1.30～1.54)、母亲文化程度高、重组家庭(OR=1.51,95%CI:1.10～2.10)、有步行违规、有非安全场所游泳、滑冰行为(OR值分别为2.47、1.29、1.80,95%CI分别为2.19～2.78、1.12～1.49、1.57～2.07)是骑车风险4级行为的危险因素。结论青少年骑车危险行为与性别、学段、城乡、母亲文化程度、家庭类型、其它非故意伤害行为密切相关,在对青少年的骑车违规行为进行干预时,应考虑从个体、人际、组织、社区和国家政策五个水平进行多层次的综合干预。

Current status and influencing factors of cycling violation behaviors among secondary students in Beijng

Objective To explore current situations and influencing factors of cycling violations among secondary school students in Beijing,in order to provide scientific basis for developing interventions of reducing secondary school students' cycling violations. Methods The study was conducted from March to May in 2014.An anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among 32 810 secondary students selected by stratified cluster sampling method from 16 districts of Beijing.The two-step clustering method was used to classify the research objects with cycling violations into four types of risk level groups.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between four cycling risk levels and demographic characteristics and other unintentional injury behaviors. Results The cycling rate of secondary school students in Beijing was 80.0%,of which 37.2% reported having cycling violations.The reported rate of boys' violations was higher than that of girls(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference on the reporting rate of cycling violation between high school students and middle school students(P＝0.626).Also,the reporting rate of cycling violation in rural students was higher than that in urban students(P<0.05).The lower the mother's education level was,the higher the rate of student's violation would be.The reported rate of violations among students living in single-parent or reconstituted or intergenerational family was higher than students living in nuclear or extended family.Students who had other unintentional injury behaviors reported higher rate of cycling violations than those without such behaviors(P<0.05).Male,high school students,reconstituted family were more likely to have higher risk level of violations than girls,middle school students and students from other types of family.Rural students' reporting rates of various risk level behaviors were generally higher than those of urban students.The reporting rate of risk level-4 violation was the highest in students whose maternal education was high school/technical school/secondary school. The reporting rate of risk level-4 violation of students with other unintentional injury behaviors was higher than that of students without such behaviors(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that male(OR=2.75,95% CI:2.51-3.01),rural area(OR=1.41,95% CI:1.30-1.54),high maternal education,and reconstituted family(OR=1.51,95%CI:1.10-2.10),walking violation(OR=2.47,95% CI:2.19-2.78),swimming(OR=1.29,95% CI:1.12-1.49) and skating in non-safe places(OR=1.80,95% CI:1.57-2.07) were risk factors of high risk level of cycling. Conclusions Risk cycling behaviors among adolescents are closely associated with gender,school paragraph,dwelling place,maternal education,family type and other unintentional injury behaviors.When intervening on adolescent cycling violations,multi-level comprehensive intervention should be considered from five perspectives,including intrapersonal,interpersonal,institutional,community and public policy.