贵州某少数民族地区农村留守老年人日常生活功能状况及影响因素分析

目的 了解贵州某少数民族地区农村留守老年人日常生活功能情况及分析影响因素。方法 采取多级整群抽样方法，从贵州省黔南布依族苗族自治州4个县抽取符合要求的1 260名留守老年人，采用面对面问卷调查的方式进行一般情况、健康状况及日常生活功能等相关情况的调查。结果 贵州某少数民族地区农村留守老年人日常生活功能明显障碍率为10.87%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，高龄（OR=2.851, 95% CI:2.233~3.642）、少数民族（OR=1.486, 95% CI:1.029~2.174）、患慢性病（OR=1.246, 95% CI:1.047~1.482）、与家人关系差（OR=1.835, 95% CI:1.397~2.409）等因素是留守老年人日常生活功能明显障碍的危险因素；家庭经济收入高（OR=0.657, 95% CI:0.494~0.876）、文化程度高（OR=0.723, 95% CI:0.559~0.935）是留守老年人日常生活功能明显障碍的保护因素。结论 贵州某少数民族地区农村留守老年人日常生活功能明显障碍率高，少数民族留守老年人为高危人群，建议加强少数民族地区留守老年人的健康教育、慢性病管理、提高健康知识知晓率等预防性措施，延缓或减少其日常生活功能下降或障碍，提高其生活质量。

Investigation of activities of daily living and its influencing factors of the left-behind elderly in rural minority areas of Guizhou

Objective To describe the activities of daily living of the left-behind elderly in rural minority areas of Guizhou and its influencing factors.Methods Multilevel sampling investigation was used to select 1 260 cases left-behind elderly in four counties of Qiannan rural minority areas.Their general condition,physical condition and the activities of daily living were investigated.Results 10.87％ of the left-behind elderly in rural minority areas of Guizhou had obvious disfunction of daily living ability.Multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors were old age (OR =2.851,95％ CI =2.233-3.642),ethnic(OR =1.486,95％ CI =1.029-2.174),chronic disease (OR =1.246,95％ CI =1.047-1.482)and poor relationship with his family (OR =1.835,95％ CI =1.397-2.409).The protective factors for the activities of daily living of the left-behind elderly included high home income level(OR =0.657,95％ CI =0.494-0.876) and high education level(OR =0.723,95 ％ CI =0.559-0.935).Conclusions The obvious dis-function rate is high among left-behind elderly of ethnic minorities in rural minority areas of Guizhou.The left-behind elderly of ethnic minorities is a high risk group.In order to improve the activities of daily living of the left-behind elderly in this area,health education,chronic disease management and reasonable health policy should be taken by the government.