油基钻井液提切剂研究现状与发展趋势

油基钻井液流变性好坏是制约钻井过程中井下安全、影响钻进速度的关键因素。针对油基钻井液切力偏低导致携岩和悬浮能力弱的技术难题，介绍了提切剂研发中存在塑性黏度不可控、普适性低以及耐温性差的难点，系统综述了有机土类、脂肪酸酰胺类、油溶性聚合物类及纳米复合材料类等油基钻井液提切材料的研究现状，并详细阐明了油基提切剂通过氢键、配位键以及分子缔合作用提切的作用机理。同时，针对提切剂研发所存在的不足，提出了油基钻井液提切剂应从星型或树枝状聚合物、长链季铵盐改性有机土、纳米材料等方面开展研发的发展趋势。 

Research Status-Quo and Development Trend of Gel Strength Additives for Oil Based Drilling Fluids

The rheology of an oil based drilling fluid is a key factor affecting the downhole safety and penetration rate of a well. Oil based drilling fluids generally have lower gel strengths and yield point, resulting in poor sand carrying and suspending capacity of the muds. This paper describes several problems encountered in the development of gel strength additives for oil based muds, such as the difficulties in controlling the plastic viscosity, poor applicability, and poor thermal stability of the products. The research status-quo of oil based mud gel strength additives, such as organophilic clays, fatty acid amides, oil-soluble polymers as well as nanophase compound materials is systematically summarized. It is elaborated in detail that the gel strength additives for oil based muds function through hydrogen bond, coordination bond and molecular association. It is presented in this paper that to overcome the problems encountered in the development of gel strength additives for oil based muds, star polymers, dendrimers, organophilic clay modified with long-chain quaternary ammonium, as well as nanophase materials can be used to develop new gel strength additives for oil based muds.